Compiled by Mike Pease (1998)
To be updated in January 2000
A data base is now available. It is accompanied by a list of the categories (13) and sub-categories under which items are listed. The data base currently consists of just over 1,100 items extracted from the following publications:
The data base will be maintained on a regular basis with extracts from publications, such as Newsletters, as they become available. This first attempt at producing a data base will need improvement over time. For instance, it may be necessary to improve upon main and sub-categorization; unnecessary duplications may have been included; abbreviations may not be clear. Members are invited to submit suggestions for the improvement of the data base, other than its complete revision, direct to: Michael Pease, Quinta das Espargosas, Odiaxere, 8600 Lagos, Algarve, Portugal. Tel/fax: 351-82-79 84 66. E-mail:[email protected] Data Base Headings
Note referenced document follows subcategory item |
Note. WB# refers to page number in World Bank Technical Paper #273. BOSTID. refers to page number in "Vetiver Grass - A Thin Green Line Against Erosion". Newsletter Vetiver Newsletter. Back issues at Vetiver FTP Site
Primary | Reference | |
Heading | Notation | and Page No |
Alternatives | Black locust should make effective hedge-China | WB#273 p128 |
Alternatives | Caragana (small leguminous tree)-China | WB#273 p84 |
Alternatives | Close relatives-Listed | BOSTID p116 |
Alternatives | Comparison different species erosion/runoff India - See Table | WB#273 p207 |
Alternatives | Comparison with other hedge barriers-India | WB#273 p185 |
Alternatives | Contour cultivation, mulches, crop rotations, strip cropping | BOSTID p58 |
Alternatives | Distant relatives - Listed | BOSTID p114 |
Alternatives | Eastern Gama Grass (EGG) - Trypsacum dactyloides | USDA '96 p1 |
Alternatives | EGG- large roots die in 2 yrs; large pores allow good water flow | USDA '96 p2 |
Alternatives | EGG- more earthworms + birds in or near hedges | USDA '96 p3 |
Alternatives | EGG- populations of insects + predators higher in or near hedges | USDA '96 p3 |
Alternatives | EGG- reduced runoff by up to 46% | USDA '96 p1 |
Alternatives | EGG- reduces wind/evaporation; improves infiltration, aids soil biofactors | USDA '96 p3 |
Alternatives | EGG- roots extend through hardpan to 200cm - USA | Newsletter#17 p41 |
Alternatives | EGG- Wattling technique, erosion control | USDA '96 p1 |
Alternatives | Engineered systems: ground covers; broad grass strips, tied ridges | BOSTID p58 |
Alternatives | Jiji grass-Achnatherum splendens, area of high pH, i.e. >7.5 | WB#273 p84 |
Alternatives | King, dwarf elephant, Arachis pintoii - all spreaders | Newsletter#17 p26 |
Alternatives | Lemon grass has to be replanted every 4-5 years | WB#273 p78 |
Alternatives | More resistant to stem borers than lemon grass | WB#273 p78 |
Alternatives | No-till farming; forestry;agro-forestry; living fences | BOSTID p58 |
Alternatives | Other species ineffective for run-off prevention | WB#273 p13 |
Alternatives | Pampas grass for temperate areas | WB#273 p122 |
Alternatives | Pampas grass is serious weed | WB#273 p122 |
Alternatives | Plant Switch grass/Gama grass 65-80�F 1" below surface - USA | Newsletter#15 p41 |
Alternatives | Sea Buckthorn, a shrub Hippophae rhamnoides - China | WB#273 p84 |
Alternatives | Switch grass (Panicum virgatum) has potential in USA | Newsletter#15 p40 |
Alternatives | Tall grass hedges reduced crop yields unless hedges trimmed | USDA '96 p1 |
Alternatives | Temperate-zone species - Listed | BOSTID p121 |
Alternatives | Tropical grasses unrelated to vetiver - Listed | BOSTID p119 |
Alternatives | Vegetative barriers, soil buildup reduced slope from 7% to 5% | USDA '96 p1 |
Alternatives | Vetiver & Nephrolepis (fern) most efficient, dense hedgerows | Newsletter#15 p23 |
Alternatives | Vetiver more tolerant to high salinity than Paspalum | WB#273 p102 |
Alternatives | Weeping Lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) | BOSTID p126 |
Conservation-soil | 1 mm soil loss/ha = 15 tons | BOSTID p56 |
Conservation-soil | 1 x hedge 1m from embankment top; 1 x hedge at top of embankment | Newsletter#13 p20 |
Conservation-soil | 1m VI on all slopes <15%; >15% x 2.5 soil depth | WB#273 p66 |
Conservation-soil | 73% less soil loss in vetiver plots - India | WB#273 p52 |
Conservation-soil | <5% slopes 10 cm silt deposited per annum | WB#273 p241 |
Conservation-soil | Across vleis blocking runoff - Zimbabwe | BOSTID p22 |
Conservation-soil | Along pathways to conserve soil - Tunisia | BOSTID p23 |
Conservation-soil | Areas below banks too dry; channel areas too wet | WB#273 p220 |
Conservation-soil | Around pond banks collects sediments, avoids collapse | WB#273 p196 |
Conservation-soil | Bank removes soil & removes 5m strip of land from production | WB#273 p220 |
Conservation-soil | Benefits of between contour bank cropping not well understood | WB#273 p7 |
Conservation-soil | Complex gully head stablization- use overlapping short rows | Newsletter#13 p20 |
Conservation-soil | Contour bunded soil loss 13.5 t/ha; hedge soil loss 8.0 tons/ha | WB#273 p51 |
Conservation-soil | Contour cultivation 12% soil reduction; adding bunds makes no difference | WB#273 p50 |
Conservation-soil | Crop rotation practices + green manures/organic mulch = sustainable agric | BOSTID p87 |
Conservation-soil | Deep soil yield-green gram, pigeon pea, pearl millet, safflower | WB#273 p97 |
Conservation-soil | Different spacings gave little reduction soil/water loss - Thailand | Newsletter#15 p24 |
Conservation-soil | Don't plant along toe of wall; necessary to stop seepage | WB#273 p240 |
Conservation-soil | Don't plant on top of bunds; negates filtering capacity | WB#273 p259 |
Conservation-soil | Double or triple line across stream bed | WB#273 p230 |
Conservation-soil | Earthmoving | WB#273 p5 |
Conservation-soil | Effect of contour hedges - Panama - See Photos | Newsletter#15 p39 |
Conservation-soil | Effect of hedgerows on soil loss and run-off | Newsletter#13 p27 |
Conservation-soil | Effective in erosion control from wave action on dams | Newsletter#15 p32 |
Conservation-soil | Embankment loses farmland - 1 ha for each 20 ha treated | WB#273 p220 |
Conservation-soil | Embankment stabilization -1 hdge 1m from top edge; 1 hedge on bank top | Newsletter#13 p20 |
Conservation-soil | Engineering - symptoms not disease | WB#273 p114 |
Conservation-soil | Erosion control on fallow lands - India - See Photo | Newsletter#14 p17 |
Conservation-soil | Erosion reduced by 72% | Newsletter#15 p25 |
Conservation-soil | Farmers against terracing steep slopes; occupies too much land + hard work | WB#273 p134 |
Conservation-soil | Farmers prefer contour vegetative barriers of local grasses to vetiver | Newsletter#15 p22 |
Conservation-soil | Fast flowing gullies hedges - 10-20 m apart | Newsletter#13 p20 |
Conservation-soil | Fertiliser loss - Table, N, P and organic carbons | WB#273 p7 |
Conservation-soil | Flexibility in barrier spacing | Newsletter#13 p12 |
Conservation-soil | Gully control - start planting at top for early establishment | WB#273 p15 |
Conservation-soil | Gully head stabilization - 3-5m above head | Newsletter#13 p20 |
Conservation-soil | Gully stabilization - India - See Photo | Newsletter#14 p21 |
Conservation-soil | Hedgerows & mulch combined give good soil conservation - Venezuela | Newsletter#15 p23 |
Conservation-soil | Less soil loss than: banks 43%; contour cultivation 74%; leucaena 54% | BOSTID p13 |
Conservation-soil | Long & fast flowing gullies; hedges at 10-20m apart | Newsletter#13 p20 |
Conservation-soil | Many mechanised methods failed | WB#273 p215 |
Conservation-soil | Maximum acceptable arable land slope 12% - Central Africa | WB#273 p10 |
Conservation-soil | Maximum acceptable arable land slope 25% - Philippines | WB#273 p10 |
Conservation-soil | Maximum acceptable arable land slope 35% - Isreal | WB#273 p10 |
Conservation-soil | No cultivation > 30% slopes - Ethiopia | WB#273 p10 |
Conservation-soil | OK for slopes <30% (15�); steeper slopes doubtful - China | WB#273 p126 |
Conservation-soil | Plant downside of mitre drain - Panama | Newsletter#15 p39 |
Conservation-soil | Possible to control flood flow & erosion on cropped flood plain | Newsletter#14 p26 |
Conservation-soil | Protects fish pond walls - Java | Newsletter#14 p28 |
Conservation-soil | Rainfall conservation | WB#273 p7 |
Conservation-soil | Reduced sediment yields 74-43%, vetiver compared to cross slope & bunds | WB#273 p68 |
Conservation-soil | Reduced soil erosion up to 65% - India | Newsletter#15 p25 |
Conservation-soil | Reduced soil loss terracing 63%; vetiver 87% | WB#273 p108 |
Conservation-soil | Reduces erosion by wave action on dam walls - Queensland, Australia | Newsletter#14 p16 |
Conservation-soil | Reduces soil loss by 8-11 t/ha; can be >40t/ha | WB#273 p203 |
Conservation-soil | Reduction in soil loss - See Graph | WB#273 p54 |
Conservation-soil | Reduction in soil loss vs control 67% - China | Newsletter#18 p.41 |
Conservation-soil | Relative humidity increased by 5%; air temperature fell 1-2% - China | Newsletter#15 p22 |
Conservation-soil | River levee protection | WB#273 p236 |
Conservation-soil | Riverbanks & canal banks - Tanzania | WB#273 p239 |
Conservation-soil | Rock based roadside & embankment stablization - Trinidad | WB#273 p217 |
Conservation-soil | Runoff reduced 60-93% - China | Newsletter#15 p22 |
Conservation-soil | Runoff reduced about 70% over contours - Southern India | Newsletter#15 p22 |
Conservation-soil | Sandy soils by Yr 30 useless if no protection; with protection >450 years | Newsletter#17 p42 |
Conservation-soil | Shallow soil yield-green gram, pigeon pea, pearl millet, safflower | WB#273 p98 |
Conservation-soil | Sheet erosion & trees - See Diagram | WB#273 p219 |
Conservation-soil | Sheet erosion - See Diagram | WB#273 p218 |
Conservation-soil | Sheet erosion impact on soil fertility | WB#273 p7 |
Conservation-soil | Silt loss reduced: 25t/ha to 6t/ha on 2% slope | WB#273 p242 |
Conservation-soil | Slope not constraint if on contour; 50% slopes used in Fiji | WB#273 p10 |
Conservation-soil | Slope Table | WB#273 p37 |
Conservation-soil | Slopes/Spacings between rows Malaysia | Newsletter#13 p23 |
Conservation-soil | Slopes/Vertical Intervals - See Table | Newsletter#13 p21 |
Conservation-soil | Soil & water conservation in tea lands very good - Sri Lanka | Newsletter#15 p24 |
Conservation-soil | Soil loss dropped from 11t/ha to 3t/ha with 3-month hedge-black soils India | BOSTID p4 |
Conservation-soil | Soil loss in badly managed lands 25-80 t/ha = 50t soil loss per ton maize | Newsletter#17 p42 |
Conservation-soil | Soil loss reduced 142 t/ha to 1.3 t/ha | WB#273 p249 |
Conservation-soil | Soil loss reduced by 21.4 tons/ha - China | Newsletter#18 p.2 |
Conservation-soil | Soil loss reduced by >80% | WB#273 p249 |
Conservation-soil | Soil loss reduced by mean of 70% compared to leucaena/earth bunds | WB#273 p203 |
Conservation-soil | Soil loss reduced ex 52 t/ha to 18 t/ha by contour cultivation-India | Newsletter#15 p20 |
Conservation-soil | Soil loss reduction across/along slope 71.59% & 45.5% | Newsletter#13 p32 |
Conservation-soil | Soil loss/water runoff for cassava & forage production - See Table | WB#273 p148 |
Conservation-soil | Soil loss: contour vs Vetiver: 25.5, 16.9; 7.6 t/ha | WB#273 p53 |
Conservation-soil | Soil stabilization on 100% slope - Panama - See Photo | Newsletter#15 p37 |
Conservation-soil | Stabilized river banks & reduced sediment flow into rivers - China | Newsletter#18 p.2 |
Conservation-soil | Sugarcane grown on 100% slopes - Fiji | WB#273 p10 |
Conservation-soil | Synopsis of yield, soil loss, run-off - See Table | WB#273 p67 |
Conservation-soil | Topsoil trapped by hedge; slope stabilized - See Photo | BOSTID p42 |
Conservation-soil | Traps 600gm/m surface soil loss against 18 gm/m for cowgrass | Newsletter#17 p32 |
Conservation-soil | Traps organic matter, creates micro habitat, indigenous grasses established | Newsletter#15 p25 |
Conservation-soil | Unnatural interventions | WB#273 p7 |
Conservation-soil | Uses only 50 cm wide strip for lateral spread | WB#273 p220 |
Conservation-soil | V. zizanioides/nigritana/Andropogon gayanus compared in semi arid condits | Newsletter#15 p19 |
Conservation-soil | Vetiver + deep furrows 3.6m intervals reduced soil loss by 56% | Newsletter#15 p22 |
Conservation-soil | Vetiver hedge 51% reduction in soil loss | WB#273 p51 |
Conservation-soil | Water & soil loss decreased by 56% and 95% with hedge | WB#273 p136 |
Conservation-soil | Yield increase 7.04-22.37% over contour cultivation | Newsletter#15 p22 |
Conservation-water | Labat system field drain protection described - Zimbabwe | Newsletter#17 p36 |
Conservation-water | Reduced run-off: 30% banks; 47% contour cultivation; 24% leucaena | BOSTID p13 |
Conservation-water | Reduced water loss 50-60% plus increased crop yield 25% | Newsletter#15 p25 |
Conservation-water | Retained 3-9% more moisture than other grasses and shrubs | BOSTID p14 |
Conservation-water | Vetiver + deep furrows 3.6 m intervals reduced water runoff by 65% | Newsletter#15 p22 |
Conservation-water | Water holding capacity 5.5% more than control - China | Newsletter#18 p.41 |
Conservation-water | Water run-off reduced by 32% - China | Newsletter#18 p.2 |
Costings | Benefit:cost treatments/cost - See Table | WB#273 p186 |
Costings | Bunds cost US$60/ha; vetiver costs $20/ha -India | BOSTID p67 |
Costings | Cost of vetiver establishment US$s/per/ha, by slope & labour cost - Table | WB#273 p247 |
Costings | Costings detailed - Thailand | Newsletter#15 p11 |
Costings | Farmer-owned nursery costs - China 1989 - See Table | WB#273 p24 |
Costings | Field costs for establishing vetiver hedges 1988 - See Table | WB#273 p23 |
Costings | Initial establishment US$8 per 100m run | WB#273 p242 |
Costings | Mechanised: US$900/ha; vetiver: US$200 - China | BOSTID p67 |
Costings | Nursery 2-row polybag arrangement- US$0.05/plant - Bangladesh 1992 | WB#273 p157 |
Costings | Nursery start-up costs US$3,000 - Bagladesh 1992 | WB#273 p157 |
Costings | Per ha. budget for development of vetiver nursery - India 1988 | WB#273 p22 |
Costings | Production & planting cost = US$0.60/m dated 1993 | WB#273 p256 |
Costings | Providing and planting vetiver US$1.3/linear meter - South Africa, 1996 | Newsletter#17 p36 |
Costings | Terracing cost US$825/ha; vetiver cost US$165/ha | WB#273 p136 |
Costings | US$500 for conventional engineered; US$300 for vetiver | WB#273 p250 |
Costings | Vetiver stabilization is 10% cost of stone based technology - China | Newsletter#18 p.1 |
Field ops mechanics | Harvesting-use subsoiler or converted potato harvester - El Salvador | Newsletter#17 p28 |
Field ops mechanics | Mowing-special sickle bar mounted mower | WB#273 p159 |
Field ops mechanics | Root digger-large tractor driven; 16" deep, 2 rows clumps/pass | WB#273 p159 |
Field ops mechanics | Stump slicer-2 sets gang-saws, slices in clumps 4-6 seedlings | WB#273 p159 |
Field ops mechanics | Transplanter-4-6 row, 30-38"rows - modified tobacco planter | WB#273 p158 |
Field ops-chemicals | Glyphosphate & fluazifop-butyl phytotoxic to vetiver | WB#273 p138 |
Field ops-chemicals | Glyphosphate, fluazifop-p-butyl & Setoxidin control suppresses vetiver | WB#273 p143 |
Field ops-chemicals | Herbicide control of field grown vetiver - See table 9 | WB#273 p143 |
Field ops-chemicals | Herbicide control of in greenhouse - See table 8 | WB#273 p142 |
Field ops-chemicals | Herbicide Metsulfuron-methyl best weed control, 400l/ha | WB#273 p138 |
Field ops-chemicals | Humic acid used successfully to induce root growth in young tillers | WB#273 p256 |
Field ops-chemicals | Pre-emergent (all) & 2,4D herbicides can be used | Newsletter#13 p20 |
Field ops-chemicals | Selected herbicides summarised - Malaysia | Newsletter#13 p31 |
Field ops-frost | Burn back if frosted - Texas | WB#273 p151 |
Field ops-general | Alley cropping - See Reference | Newsletter#14 p24 |
Field ops-general | Alley system with vetiver hedges could control erosion - Indonesia | Newsletter#15 p9 |
Field ops-general | Combine barrier + other practices to reverse degredation & boost fertility | Newsletter#13 p11 |
Field ops-general | Cut and clean against weeds - Philippines | Newsletter#16 p4 |
Field ops-general | Easily eliminated mechanically or chemically | Newsletter#14 p8 |
Field ops-general | Hedges in sugar cane field - See Photos - South Africa | Newsletter#14 p7 |
Field ops-general | Included in sustainable farming systems - Mali | WB#273 p57 |
Field ops-general | Lateral spreading control - plow along boundary | WB#273 p18 |
Field ops-general | Leaves turn reddish from middle to tips; caused by cold temperatures | Newsletter#15 p5 |
Field ops-general | Maintenance negligible | WB#273 p250 |
Field ops-general | Management specifications - Listed | Newsletter#13 p31 |
Field ops-general | Modified A level - Malawi | Newsletter#18 p.54 |
Field ops-general | Sprayed with Gramoxone, then burnt; good recovery followed | Newsletter#14 p13 |
Field ops-general | Spread trapped soil up hill above hedge every 5-7 years | Newsletter#15 p28 |
Field ops-general | Water course control on sugar estate - South Africa - See Photo | Newsletter#14 p6 |
Field ops-general | Watercourse stabilization - See Diagram | WB#273 p188 |
Field ops-general | Weed management important for quality hedgerows | WB#273 p173 |
Field ops-growth | Height 1m in 6 months; tillering 50-60 slips/clump ex 10-15 slips | Newsletter#18 p.37 |
Field ops-growth | Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi improves growth - See Table | WB#273 p115 |
Field ops-growth | No harm in plants flowering; seeds are sterile | WB#273 p18 |
Field ops-growth | Root inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi improves growth | WB#273 p115 |
Field ops-labour | 60-120m hedge per person/day against 5-10m wall/ditch person/day | Newsletter#13 p12 |
Field ops-labour | Farmer can plant about 100m/day in difficult conditions; 200m in easy | WB#273 p256 |
Field ops-labour | Labour costs for planting with small pots: US$40/100m - Malaysia 1992 | WB#273 p139 |
Field ops-labour | Vetiver needs more labour/time management - Thailand | Newsletter#15 p9 |
Field ops-links | Beneficial effect on Cassava; imperative use of water and fertiliser | WB#273 p147 |
Field ops-links | Better rattooning with sugar if protected by vetiver hedge | Newsletter#13 p23 |
Field ops-links | Cassava unaffected by vetiver hedge - Columbia | WB#273 p140 |
Field ops-links | Leucaena & pigeon peas-alley cropping with fruit trees | Newsletter#15 p28 |
Field ops-links | Maize grown near vetiver hedge better than near Napier grass | Newsletter#16 p4 |
Field ops-links | Maize production increased by 105% | Newsletter#15 p25 |
Field ops-links | Mature hedge depressed yields in 1st two rows sorghum - Australia | Newsletter#15 p36 |
Field ops-links | No cultivation within 20 cm | WB#273 p186 |
Field ops-links | No inference with herbs planted next to hedge | Newsletter#16 p34 |
Field ops-links | Plant vetiver at same time or earlier as adjacent crops | WB#273 p179 |
Field ops-links | Some yield reduction in crop rows nearest hedge | WB#273 p71 |
Field ops-links | Sorghum yield unaffected by hedge | Newsletter#15 p37 |
Field ops-links | Sorghum, pigeon-pea & castor higher with vetiver than engineered | WB#273 p183 |
Field ops-links | Sugar cane yield increased 55% if protected by vetiver hedge | Newsletter#13 p23 |
Field ops-links | Sugarcane 7-8 ratoon crops with vetiver hedge - Fiji | Newsletter#13 p17 |
Field ops-links | Tall grass hedges reduce yields in crop rows immediately adjacent | Newsletter#17 p40 |
Field ops-links | Water competition in 1st row of maize; not 2nd - See Photo | Newsletter#14 p6 |
Field ops-links | Yield reduction in crop rows nearest hedge compensated by remainder | WB#273 p71 |
Field ops-livestock | 0.40 ha vetiver sufficient for 1 cow + 1 heifer up to 60 days - Lesotho | Newsletter#14 p15 |
Field ops-livestock | Cattle have to develop taste for vetiver - Lesotho | Newsletter#14 p15 |
Field ops-livestock | If cut green, nutritive value between Napier grass & fresh corn | Newsletter#14 p15 |
Field ops-livestock | Residual leaf after topping for livestock feed - India - See Photos | Newsletter#14 p18 |
Field ops-mulch | 3 yrs mulch + erosion control improved soils in orchards | WB#273 p180 |
Field ops-mulch | Compared to coffee husk & grasses - Ethiopia | Newsletter#13 p14 |
Field ops-mulch | Contains N,P,K and Mg - Malaysia | BOSTID p44 |
Field ops-mulch | Effect as mulch on rubber disappointing - Malaysia | WB#273 p174 |
Field ops-mulch | Green weight tons per 100m2: Yrs 1-3 = 11.4, 14.7, 17.8 | WB#273 p179 |
Field ops-mulch | Impact on soil properties of 3 years mulching - See Table | WB#273 p180 |
Field ops-mulch | Lasts longer | WB#273 p65 |
Field ops-mulch | Mulch better than rice straw in orange orchards - China | WB#273 p137 |
Field ops-mulch | Reduced rhizome temperatures; humidity and soil moisture increased | WB#273 p180 |
Field ops-mulch | Spread leaves + dead grass around slips when planting in dry conditions | Newsletter#15 p31 |
Field ops-nutrients | 1 application 18-46-0 @ 15g/m + 3 applications Urea @ 10gms | Newsletter#13 p12 |
Field ops-nutrients | 100-250 kg/ha DAP basal 2-3 split application; N @ 100-250kg/ha | Newsletter#14 p20 |
Field ops-nutrients | 15 gms 18-46-0/linear m. x1 & 10 grams Urea x 3 doubles tillering rate | Newsletter#13 p12 |
Field ops-nutrients | 20 kg/ha each of P & K20 increased oil yield; not root yield | WB#273 p117 |
Field ops-nutrients | After 1 year's growth + fertiliser: 30-50 tillers; 10-15 without | WB#273 p135 |
Field ops-nutrients | Application of N, P & K better split by time & nutrient - China | Newsletter#18 p.46 |
Field ops-nutrients | Apply NPK in split dressings - China/Hong Kong | Newsletter#15 p19 |
Field ops-nutrients | Basal dose DAP 5.00 gm/hole or 10 gm/polypot | Newsletter#14 p22 |
Field ops-nutrients | Basal manure & top dressing necessary for highway embankments | Newsletter#18 p.39 |
Field ops-nutrients | Chicken dung good - Malaysia | WB#273 p94 |
Field ops-nutrients | Chicken manure gives good start - South Africa | Newsletter#17 p35 |
Field ops-nutrients | Diammonium phosphate for fast tillering | WB#273 p231 |
Field ops-nutrients | Dry weight of vetiver increased by mycorrhizal fungi | WB#273 p116 |
Field ops-nutrients | Effect of CaMg Phosphate not significant but height and tillering better | WB#273 p106 |
Field ops-nutrients | Fertiliser effect-increase in tiller production 56% first year; 183% 2nd | WB#273 p152 |
Field ops-nutrients | Fertiliser increased number of tillers & seed heads - Mississippi, USA | WB#273 p117 |
Field ops-nutrients | For oil production apply as fertiliser residual of ashes from burnt roots | Newsletter#14 p31 |
Field ops-nutrients | Influence of fertiliser on tillers, bareland - Hong Kong - Se Tables | Newsletter#17 p24 |
Field ops-nutrients | Mature hdges do not need fertiliser; nutrients filtered from field | WB#273 p18 |
Field ops-nutrients | Mycorrhizal fungi may help early growth in alkaline soils | WB#273 p116 |
Field ops-nutrients | Organic + inorganic fertiliser best for bare land - Hong Kong | Newsletter#17 p24 |
Field ops-nutrients | Organic manures + N, P & K best - China | Newsletter#18 p.46 |
Field ops-nutrients | P & N together beneficial | WB#273 p152 |
Field ops-nutrients | Responded to N & P; not gypsum - See Photo | WB#273 p177 |
Field ops-nutrients | Sloping land, organic manure better than inorganic; but NPH & FYM best | Newsletter#15 p19 |
Field ops-nutrients | Split applications of inorganic fertiliser best - Hong Kong | Newsletter#17 p24 |
Field ops-nutrients | Survival affected by application of inorganic, organic polymers | WB#273 p208 |
Field ops-nutrients | Transplanted on farmland needs no fertiliser - Hong Kong | Newsletter#17 p23 |
Field ops-nutrients | Vetiver with N & P in alkaline/sodic soil - See Photo | WB#273 p177 |
Field ops-pests | BHC 10% @2.00Qtls/ha precautionary when required for pest control | Newsletter#14 p20 |
Field ops-pests | Borers problem if with corn & sugarcane; vetiver unaffected - El Salvador | Newsletter#17 p28 |
Field ops-pests | Leaf-cutter ants eat young leaves if planted on top of nest - El Salvador | Newsletter#17 p28 |
Field ops-pests | Pesticide "Rifulene" effective against sticky worm | WB#273 p80 |
Field ops-pests | Rates of application for herbicides; weed control - See Table | WB#273 p132 |
Field ops-pests | Stemborer control: trim to 3cm above ground in winter | WB#273 p77 |
Field ops-pests | Trim agnst Maya birds (small red rice eaters) - San Salvador | Newsletter#16 p4 |
Field ops-planting | "V" ditch survival better; increases from 55% to 80% | WB#273 p204 |
Field ops-planting | 10-15 cm interval best; 3-4 tillers per slip | WB#273 p138 |
Field ops-planting | 10� slope: 2m VI | WB#273 p136 |
Field ops-planting | 200 m/day in Madagascar = about US$2 per hectare | Newsletter#18 p.5 |
Field ops-planting | 3 slips at 5 cm intervals; good survival & rapid hedge creation-Bangalore | WB#273 p75 |
Field ops-planting | 30 ft intervals on 100% slope - Puerto Rico | Newsletter#15 p15 |
Field ops-planting | 4 slips at 15 cm intervals -gives best results under semi arid conditions | WB#273 p75 |
Field ops-planting | 5-7 slips at 15 cm intervals for temperate climate conditions - China | WB#273 p75 |
Field ops-planting | 57 plants gave 16,000 tillers - Malaysia | BOSTID p41 |
Field ops-planting | Averaged contour OK for Vetiver; embankment must follow contour | WB#273 p224 |
Field ops-planting | Avoid old material that has flowered or seeded | WB#273 p43 |
Field ops-planting | Avoid shaded places | Newsletter#14 p29 |
Field ops-planting | Avoid waterlogging | WB#273 p48 |
Field ops-planting | Below 300mm rainfall plant at bottom of 160� 2m V ditch | WB#273 p18 |
Field ops-planting | Can be left for 10 days | WB#273 p16 |
Field ops-planting | Clay soils plant 2-3 slips every 10 cm | WB#273 p47 |
Field ops-planting | Combine barriers with forestry e.g. nitrgoben fixing trees | Newsletter#13 p12 |
Field ops-planting | Combine barriers with Leucaena spp direct seeded along bariers | Newsletter#13 p12 |
Field ops-planting | Compacting important around slip | WB#273 p47 |
Field ops-planting | Culms pegged down with U-shaped wire gave good results - Malaysia | WB#273 p175 |
Field ops-planting | Culms planting - slit sheath | WB#273 p87 |
Field ops-planting | Culms-7-10 days buds; 10-15 days new roots - China | WB#273 p108 |
Field ops-planting | Cut culms produce many branches at internodes; good procedure | WB#273 p87 |
Field ops-planting | Cut tops 15-20 cm from base; cut roots 10 cm below base | WB#273 p231 |
Field ops-planting | Delay of 3 days from nursery results in 70% reduction in survival | WB#273 p208 |
Field ops-planting | Dip in Azospirillum or 5% glucose solution for improved growth | Newsletter#18 p.47 |
Field ops-planting | dip in clay paste just before planting - China | Newsletter#18 p.67 |
Field ops-planting | Dip roots in 5-25 ppm 2,4-D, dilute fecal sewage/slurry - China | Newsletter#18 p.20 |
Field ops-planting | Effect of plant spacing on survival - See Table | WB#273 p75 |
Field ops-planting | Effect of spacing & density on hedge closure - See Table | WB#273 p76 |
Field ops-planting | Flat arid lands plant in V ditch | WB#273 p11 |
Field ops-planting | For <5% slopes plant 2-3 slips every 10 cm in 1 sq ft V ditch | Newsletter#14 p22 |
Field ops-planting | For >10% planted erosion prone locations intervals of 4-8m between hedges | Newsletter#14 p23 |
Field ops-planting | For >10% use staggered polypots, 3 polypots per meter | Newsletter#14 p22 |
Field ops-planting | Gap fill 3-4 weeks after planting - India | WB#273 p186 |
Field ops-planting | Gap filling - early with clumps, prune neighbouring plants | WB#273 p49 |
Field ops-planting | Gap filling - slip growth slow | WB#273 p49 |
Field ops-planting | Good hedgerow dependent on: plant quality, spacing & quantity of fertiliser | WB#273 p91 |
Field ops-planting | Good, young tillers for fast growth - Malaysia | Newsletter#13 p29 |
Field ops-planting | Highway embankmnts, steep slopes: 100% survival with polybag plants | WB#273 p90 |
Field ops-planting | Hole in furrow; avoid "J" bend in roots | WB#273 p232 |
Field ops-planting | Improved soil fertility from parallel line coppiced leucaena | Newsletter#15 p31 |
Field ops-planting | Layering good technique; bend culms over and cover | WB#273 p49 |
Field ops-planting | Layering technique for gaps | WB#273 p243 |
Field ops-planting | Loose soils, no water logging for higher quality paper production | Newsletter#18 p.37 |
Field ops-planting | Methods: tissue culture; ratoon; lateral budding; culms; cuttings | WB#273 p160 |
Field ops-planting | Minimum of 1.5 cm soil water for first planting | WB#273 p46 |
Field ops-planting | Multiplication by longitudinal-split stems described | Newsletter#18 p.19 |
Field ops-planting | Multiplication by Pedicel-culm cuttings described | Newsletter#18 p.19 |
Field ops-planting | Multiplication through pruning tops described | Newsletter#18 p.19 |
Field ops-planting | Oblique planting 45-60� possibly better- China | Newsletter#18 p.20 |
Field ops-planting | Oil production in Brazil- 0.5m between plants; 1m between rows | Newsletter#14 p34 |
Field ops-planting | On 1m VI railway embankment plant 6 rows on 0.25m wide mini benches | Newsletter#15 p32 |
Field ops-planting | Plant 10-20 cm apart - semi-arid conditions - Rajasthan | WB#273 p208 |
Field ops-planting | Plant at beginning of wet season, like rice planting | WB#273 p231 |
Field ops-planting | Plant crown (point of growth) below surface and cover well | Newsletter#16 p36 |
Field ops-planting | Plant for essential oil only in sub-humid tropics | WB#273 p17 |
Field ops-planting | Plant gullies and gully heads first on eroded arable lands | WB#273 p243 |
Field ops-planting | Plant in 15-30 cm deep furrow on contour | WB#273 p46 |
Field ops-planting | Plant on both sides of drains on steep slopes | BOSTID p35 |
Field ops-planting | Plant quality, spacing, fertiliser - Malaysia research results | WB#273 p91 |
Field ops-planting | plant wet for drought survival | WB#273 p242 |
Field ops-planting | Plant when mean daily temps > 15� C - China | WB#273 p135 |
Field ops-planting | Plant within 18 hours of uprooting for optimal performance - China | Newsletter#18 p.46 |
Field ops-planting | Planting of culms to reproduce grass successfully and fast - China | WB#273 p108 |
Field ops-planting | Planting on terrace lip reduced terrace collapse from 25% to 0% | WB#273 p204 |
Field ops-planting | Planting on top of bund is useless practice | WB#273 p260 |
Field ops-planting | Plants raised in pots speed up establishment of hedge barrier | Newsletter#16 p6 |
Field ops-planting | Plow furrow so not more than 2cm tops covered | WB#273 p152 |
Field ops-planting | Plugging slips into gully banks - Zimbabwe - See Figure | WB#273 p146 |
Field ops-planting | Polybag survival vs bare root - 98% vs 17% | WB#273 p208 |
Field ops-planting | Poorer sites need more slips; 4 slips at 5cm best but costly | WB#273 p76 |
Field ops-planting | Preparation of slips - India - See Photo | Newsletter#14 p17 |
Field ops-planting | Pruning tops and roots to 10 cm | WB#273 p45 |
Field ops-planting | Rapid establishment essential for highways, bridge abutments & culverts | WB#273 p170 |
Field ops-planting | Replanting may be necessary every 6-10 years in dry conditions | WB#273 p205 |
Field ops-planting | Sheet & rill erosion -2 rows not recommended | WB#273 p123 |
Field ops-planting | Slips planted at 3-50cm centres - gaps after 2-5 years - Papua New Guinea | Newsletter#15 p30 |
Field ops-planting | Slope spacing rule 1-2 m VI; 1m VI for lower slopes | WB#273 p65 |
Field ops-planting | Slopes 15-60% 600-2,400m barrier; 4-16,000 slips | Newsletter#13 p12 |
Field ops-planting | Small slope downslope of hedge for moisture stress areas | WB#273 p48 |
Field ops-planting | South India type of Vetiver opnly to be used | BOSTID p66 |
Field ops-planting | Suare mesh honeycomb planting defined - China | Newsletter#18 p.67 |
Field ops-planting | Survey markers use polybags at 3m intervals placed at 'T' and 'L' points | Newsletter#13 p6 |
Field ops-planting | Suvival with heel-in 97.5%; without 92.3% - China | Newsletter#18 p.20 |
Field ops-planting | Timing after uprooting 10-30 days OK | WB#273 p45 |
Field ops-planting | Vertical Interval - best not more than 2 m | Newsletter#15 p30 |
Field ops-planting | Vertical Interval between hedges - See Table | Newsletter#13 p20 |
Field ops-planting | Water cultivation for accelerating root growth described | Newsletter#18 p.19 |
Field ops-planting | Water essential for first 6-8 weeks - China | Newsletter#18 p.16 |
Field ops-production | 100 tons DM p.a. under irrig - Texas | WB#273 p250 |
Field ops-production | 1m barrier provides material for additional 5-15m within 1-2 years | Newsletter#13 p12 |
Field ops-production | 2-4 cuttings 5-16 t/ha biomass for mulching | Newsletter#13 p27 |
Field ops-production | 350 tons fresh leaf p.a. under irrigation - Texas, USA | WB#273 p250 |
Field ops-production | 40 tons dry biomass p.a. - Texas, USA | WB#273 p162 |
Field ops-production | 500-1000 kg prunings from 200m hedge in first year - China | WB#273 p66 |
Field ops-production | 6,000 btu/lb biomass | WB#273 p162 |
Field ops-production | Best quality oil-harvest >24 mnths <36 months | Newsletter#14 p30 |
Field ops-production | Compared to cross-slope and bunds yield increase: 26% and 6% | WB#273 p68 |
Field ops-production | Dried root yields 1.5 - 2% oil | Newsletter#14 p30 |
Field ops-production | For oil production, hedge damage should not be great | WB#273 p49 |
Field ops-production | Good root for oil has fine black rings | Newsletter#14 p31 |
Field ops-production | Mulch cut 3xp.a. reduced soil temps and runoff by 7% in tea/orchards | WB#273 p108 |
Field ops-production | Multiplied 38 x p.a. at 6,000 ft asl - Nepal | Newsletter#14 p5 |
Field ops-production | No harvest before 21-24 months for oil production - India | Newsletter#14 p35 |
Field ops-production | No yield decrease in droughty soils-for peanuts, castor or finger millet | WB#273 p68 |
Field ops-production | Non-acidic soils-no yield reduction: green gram, pearl millet, sorghum | WB#273 p68 |
Field ops-production | Oil quality depends on age of root and method of distillation | Newsletter#14 p28 |
Field ops-production | Oven dried roots = 17.5 MJ/kg, equivalent to 56% of coal energy | WB#273 p168 |
Field ops-production | Rich soil produces more oil per ton of root material | Newsletter#14 p34 |
Field ops-production | Sugarcane shows a 55% increase-with/without vetiver hedge - Malaysia | Newsletter#13 p23 |
Field ops-production | Tillering 6-20 in Northern China | Newsletter#18 p.44 |
Field ops-production | Tops cut at 40 cm good for sheep and Chinese carp | WB#273 p96 |
Field ops-production | Yield increases: cotton/sorghum: 25-60% | BOSTID p67 |
Field ops-production | Yields 6 t/ha biomass from hedges with 2m runs (VI 0.2m) | Newsletter#13 p28 |
Field ops-spacing | 5m intervals on 67% slope effective in 3,800-4,200mm rainfall/year | Newsletter#13 p18 |
Field ops-spacing | Close spacing - Mexico - See Photo | Newsletter#16 p21 |
Field ops-spacing | Effect of polybag size on hedge closure - See Table | WB#273 p171 |
Field ops-spacing | Optimum row/plant spacings - research described - Thailand | Newsletter#17 p39 |
Field ops-spacing | Sloped land space less than 15 cm - China | Newsletter#18 p.39 |
Field ops-spacing | Under semi-arid conditions plant at15-20 cm spacings < 2 slips/hill | Newsletter#15 p19 |
Field ops-spacing | Wide spacing (18-45 cm) never closed up - Costa Rica | Newsletter#13 p9 |
Field ops-spacing | Wider spacing = more DM | WB#273 p131 |
Field ops-trimming | Centres die out in old plants; topping keeps tight - St. Lucia | BOSTID p35 |
Field ops-trimming | Cut back once every 12-18 mnths - South Africa | WB#273 p186 |
Field ops-trimming | Cut to 30-50 cm. Dieback if too short. 40cm best | WB#273 p87 |
Field ops-trimming | Cut with scythes - Brazil | Newsletter#14 p34 |
Field ops-trimming | Limited pruning early Spring and early Autumn beneficial - China | Newsletter#18 p.44 |
Field ops-trimming | Mechanised topping more cost effective; use stremmer/bush wacker | WB#273 p95 |
Field ops-trimming | Mixed reports; rough trimming every year or two | BOSTID p67 |
Field ops-trimming | No pruning below 40-50 cm or affects vigour & growth | WB#273 p186 |
Field ops-trimming | Prune monthly for more tillers but not below 40cm | WB#273 p153 |
Field ops-trimming | Prune prior to flowering; after growth slow down | WB#273 p124 |
Field ops-trimming | Prune to 30-50 cm Year 1, encourages tillering | WB#273 p243 |
Field ops-trimming | Pruning benefits root growth - Java | Newsletter#14 p29 |
Field ops-trimming | Pruning every 2 weeks throughout year for livestock feed | WB#273 p223 |
Field ops-trimming | Pruning promotes tillering - China | WB#273 p124 |
Field ops-trimming | Sugarcane farmers slash 2x p.a.; trimming 1x every 3-4 years | Newsletter#15 p28 |
Field ops-trimming | Topped to 20 cm + weedng increased tillering by 15-20% | Newsletter#14 p22 |
Field ops-trimming | Topping removed diseased parts - Malaysia | BOSTID p44 |
Field ops-trimming | Trim every 4-5 years - Fiji | Newsletter#13 p21 |
Field ops-trimming | Trimming to 30-40 cm before flowering reduces nutrient consumption | Newsletter#18 p.39 |
Field ops-trimming | Worker takes 5 minutes to cut 50m bed, 6 rows, 6" planting | WB#273 p95 |
Field ops-water | >50% of rainfall lost as runoff | WB#273 p219 |
Field ops-water | Arid lands - water every 4-5 days 1st 2 months & every 7 days thereafter | WB#273 p152 |
Field ops-water | Average surface runoff reduced from 317 to197mm with hedge | WB#273 p52 |
Field ops-water | Equation flow | Newsletter#14 p26 |
Field ops-water | Excellent filtering effect on ground water recharge - India | Newsletter#15 p21 |
Field ops-water | Hedges trap coarse & fine silts = cleaner runoff water - Australia | Newsletter#15 p32 |
Field ops-water | Not diverted; slowed | WB#273 p65 |
Field ops-water | Protects loss of water in desert deluges down wadis | BOSTID p87 |
Field ops-water | Runoff 73% less in vetiver plot vs bare soil - Malaysia | WB#273 p74 |
Field ops-water | Runoff decrease 31%,23% &46% for x-slopes, contour cult. & contour bund | WB#273 p53 |
Field ops-water | Runoff reduced by 57% | WB#273 p249 |
Field ops-water | Runoff reduced from 40% to 15% on alfisols and vertisols | WB#273 p242 |
Field ops-water | Runoff reductions between 35-70% - India | WB#273 p203 |
Field ops-water | Streamside management system; variety of plantings by streanm | Newsletter#16 p61 |
Field ops-water | Survival related to rainy days, soil depth, stray cattle etc. | Newsletter#15 p21 |
Field ops-water | Vetiver as water barrier - See Photo | WB#273 p125 |
Field ops-water | Vetiver hedged plot had 13.4% more moisture than without | WB#273 p53 |
Field ops-water | Water runoff -Zimbabwe - See Photos | Newsletter#17 p50 |
Nursery-chemicals | Atrazine OK as herbicide - Malaysia | WB#273 p153 |
Nursery-chemicals | Damaged by Paracol drift - Malaysia | WB#273 p153 |
Nursery-chemicals | Roundup/Fusilade/setholxidimate kill vetiver | WB#273 p153 |
Nursery-general | Tissue culture-described | Newsletter#17 p39 |
Nursery-harvesting | Divide when clump has >20 tillers - China | WB#273 p109 |
Nursery-harvesting | Harvesting; leave 3-4 tillers | WB#273 p16 |
Nursery-irrigation | Frequency - every 2-3 days if no rain | Newsletter#18 p.20 |
Nursery-irrigation | Irrigate every 4-5 days for first 2 months | WB#273 p44 |
Nursery-irrigation | Irrigation essential | WB#273 p152 |
Nursery-irrigation | Watering did not produce profuse tillering | Newsletter#14 p22 |
Nursery-nutrients | Fert = 241 kg/ha 13-13-13; 31kgN; 14kg P; 25kg K | WB#273 p152 |
Nursery-nutrients | Fertiliser -Diammonium Phosphate: 250 kgs/ha | WB#273 p44 |
Nursery-nutrients | Fertiliser 50-125 kg/ha at 45, 75 and 105 days | WB#273 p44 |
Nursery-nutrients | Fertiliser for tillering: 150 kg N/ha + irrigation | WB#273 p242 |
Nursery-nutrients | Fertiliser increases tillers 56% in Year 1; 183% in Yr 2; not production | WB#273 p152 |
Nursery-nutrients | Fertiliser P and N | WB#273 p16 |
Nursery-nutrients | Fertiliser-FYM 25t/ha | WB#273 p44 |
Nursery-nutrients | FYM with fertile sandy soil 1:2 + 2 grams DAP essential for good tillering | Newsletter#14 p22 |
Nursery-nutrients | Liquid fertiliser top dressing best 2x month - China | Newsletter#18 p.20 |
Nursery-nutrients | Use FYM, pig manure best, green manure and oil seed cake | WB#273 p152 |
Nursery-pests | Grub & white ant control - 25 kg/ha BHC | WB#273 p44 |
Nursery-pests | Sticky worm (5cm long, 1cm�) controlled by contact insecticide | WB#273 p153 |
Nursery-pests | Weedicide: Atrazine @ 1.5kg/ha | WB#273 p44 |
Nursery-planting | 10 cm long roots enough; not more, not much less - China | Newsletter#18 p.21 |
Nursery-planting | 2-3 tillers per clump best (but 4 and 5 tillers not researched) | Newsletter#18 p.21 |
Nursery-planting | Bury 2 cm of tops in ground | WB#273 p152 |
Nursery-planting | Cut roots from clumps at 20 cm; cut leaves about 30 cm | WB#273 p16 |
Nursery-planting | Only 2 polybags/row; 1m between rows - Malaysia -See Diagram | WB#273 p157 |
Nursery-planting | Plant in 2 rows 22cm apart; 22 cm on either side | WB#273 p18 |
Nursery-planting | Polybags 5" x 7" best - Malaysia | WB#273 p156 |
Nursery-planting | Propagation methods (alternatives) defined - China | Newsletter#18 p.45 |
Nursery-planting | Shallow planting (3-4 cm) probably better than deep planting - China | Newsletter#18 p.21 |
Nursery-planting | Slips planted 5-8 cm deep, 2-3 per hole | WB#273 p18 |
Nursery-planting | Spacing 20-30 cm best- China | Newsletter#18 p.21 |
Nursery-planting | Timing relative to planting six months | WB#273 p16 |
Nursery-planting | Use clumps of about 5 tillers/slip | WB#273 p16 |
Nursery-planting | Weeded produced 60% more tillers than unweeded - India | WB#273 p153 |
Nursery-pots | 100% survival with containerized pots, 300mm rainfall | Newsletter#13 p6 |
Nursery-pots | 4" x 6" pots most economical for transport, fast growth & establishment | Newsletter#13 p30 |
Nursery-pots | Aftr 3 months in polypots gives 15-25 tillers | Newsletter#14 p22 |
Nursery-pots | Polybag size best 5" x 7" or 4" x 6" | WB#273 p171 |
Nursery-pots | Polybags: 3 tillers better than 5 bare root; 5 better than 3 | WB#273 p170 |
Nursery-preparation | Beds 30cm high, 68cm wide, 45 cm edge to edge - India | WB#273 p18 |
Nursery-preparation | Check with herbariums | WB#273 p15 |
Nursery-preparation | Cutting 20 cm below surface | WB#273 p16 |
Nursery-preparation | Eject older, flowered/seeded plants which have less vigour | WB#273 p150 |
Nursery-preparation | Eject sub-standards 15-20% | WB#273 p154 |
Nursery-preparation | Preparation: 40 cm spacings | WB#273 p16 |
Nursery-production | 1 ha nursery needs 7,500 kg seedlings: yields 52,500 kg | Newsletter#18 p.47 |
Nursery-production | 1.25m bare root slips/1 ha sufficient for 42 km hedge | WB#273 p256 |
Nursery-production | 16,000 plantlets from clump of 57 - Malaysia | WB#273 p40 |
Nursery-production | After 4 months17 tillers/plant in 7" x 15" polybags | WB#273 p44 |
Nursery-production | Cut tops to 20cm; roots to 4-5cm - Malaysia | WB#273 p157 |
Nursery-production | Effect of cultivar & bag size on dry weight of tops - See Table | WB#273 p170 |
Nursery-production | I ha irrigation + fertiliser can produce slips for 150 km or 450 ha | BOSTID p68 |
Nursery-production | Multiplication factor 1:100 | WB#273 p5 |
Nursery-production | Output should be close to 100% | WB#273 p156 |
Nursery-production | Per/ha yield 189,000 plants; 2.63m tillers/3 months - Malaysia | WB#273 p156 |
Nursery-production | Plants at 4 months have good roots for transplanting | WB#273 p170 |
Nursery-production | Plants ready for field planting in 2 months - Malaysia | WB#273 p156 |
Nursery-production | Production 80-100 tillers/plant | WB#273 p16 |
Nursery-production | Tillering 117 slips/clump in 6 months - China | Newsletter#18 p.45 |
Nursery-production | Worst production rates in colder locations - Bangladesh | WB#273 p151 |
Nursery-production | Yield from 1 ha with 15% cull sufficient for 110-167 km hedge - Malaysia | WB#273 p156 |
Nursery-production | Yield from 2-plant row: 21.1/20.6 tillers/plant - Malaysia | WB#273 p155 |
Nursery-seed | Do not plant from seed. Use slips | WB#273 p141 |
Nursery-soil | Rich well-drained sandy soil best + irrigation - India | WB#273 p17 |
Nursery-spacing | Spacing between and within furrows: 40 cm | WB#273 p44 |
Nursery-tillers | 2-3 tillers in 15-20 cm furrow; 30 x 40 cm or 30 x 30 cm | WB#273 p135 |
Nursery-tillers | 2-3 tillers per 15 - 40 cm; spacing linked to nursery time | WB#273 p152 |
Nursery-trimming | Damaged if trimmed less than 4 months after planting - China | Newsletter#18 p.20 |
Nursery-trimming | Optimum production if plants trimmed and fertilised - China | Newsletter#18 p.20 |
Nursery-trimming | Prune monthly but not below 2 1/2 feet | Newsletter#16 p34 |
Nursery-trimming | Prune when established to 30-50 cm; use trimmings for mulch | WB#273 p44 |
Nursery-trimming | Pruning time when soil moisture good | WB#273 p44 |
Overview-fertiliser | Loss of $2.5bn in N & P p.a. and 15.6mn tons organic carbon | WB#273 p4 |
Overview-fertiliser | Most farmers in rainfed areas lose >50% of fertiliser applied | WB#273 p7 |
Overview-fertiliser | N, P & organic carbon loss - See Table | WB#273 p7 |
Overview-fertiliser | Soil loss = 50 tons per ha - Zimbabwe | WB#273 p7 |
Overview-fertiliser | USA loses US$18 bn in fertiliser per annum | BOSTID p.xiv |
Overview-fertiliser | Zimbabwe needs spread US$1.5bn fertiliser to compensate for lost nutrients | BOSTID p.xiv |
Overview-general | "Why conservation schemes fail" - Discussion | BOSTID p56 |
Overview-general | American Vetivert Corp supplies planting material | WB#273 p187 |
Overview-general | Bibliography - Listed | WB#273 p69 |
Overview-general | Criteria for vegetative soil conservation plants - Listed | WB#273 p14 |
Overview-general | Disadvantages-sterile, non-competitive, low palatability - Sth Africa | Newsletter#18 p.4 |
Overview-general | Distribution - listed | WB#273 p31 |
Overview-general | Evaluation of contour vegetative barriers - Listed | WB#273 p77 |
Overview-general | Found in >70 nations | BOSTID p11 |
Overview-general | Increase populations = end traditional rotations = contunuous row cropping | WB#273 p215 |
Overview-general | Low adoption by resource poor, small-scale farmers - South Africa | Newsletter#18 p.3 |
Overview-general | Morocco needs 150m cu.m. dam yearly to compensate for sedimentation | BOSTID p.xiv |
Overview-general | NGO application of technology | Newsletter#18 p.4 |
Overview-general | Slope, Surface run, Vertical Interval - See Table | WB#273 p245 |
Overview-general | Small scale farmers resistance to plant not showing immediate return | Newsletter#18 p.56 |
Overview-general | Wild vetiver tolerant of water-logging and drought - China | Newsletter#18 p.37 |
Overview-general | World Bank - Small Grants Program | Newsletter#17 p43 |
Overview-history | 3000 B.C., vgetative cover codified by Sumerian (Babylon) king | WB#273 p41 |
Overview-history | Along roadsides to conserve soil - Gabon | WB#273 p64 |
Overview-history | Approved as boundary markers 100 years ago - Zimbabwe | Newsletter#13 p5 |
Overview-history | Border erosion plant - Barbados | WB#273 p64 |
Overview-history | China's vetiver introduced ex Indonesia 1956 | Newsletter#18 p.18 |
Overview-history | Common hedge plant - Ghana | WB#273 p64 |
Overview-history | Countries in which vetiver growing - Listed | WB#273 p62 |
Overview-history | Cultivated in West Indies as hedge plant | WB#273 p63 |
Overview-history | Erosion control, weed barrier, for roads - Mauritius | BOSTID p23 |
Overview-history | Essential oil & thatching - Argentina | BOSTID p26 |
Overview-history | First distillation - Southern India | WB#273 p31 |
Overview-history | First introduced to Fiji 1800's; used for soil conservation 1950s | Newsletter#15 p26 |
Overview-history | Found North of New Delhi in swamplands | BOSTID p12 |
Overview-history | Grown "for centuries" - Brazil | BOSTID p27 |
Overview-history | Hedges - Tropical America | WB#273 p64 |
Overview-history | Indian references - copper plates 1103 and 1174 A.D. | WB#273 p29 |
Overview-history | Indians used vetiver for > 200 years - Mysore, India | WB#273 p217 |
Overview-history | Introduced to coffee plantations-1970s - Ethiopia | BOSTID p21 |
Overview-history | Introduced to Fiji for rice bunds and sugar cane 1907 | WB#273 p63 |
Overview-history | Introduced to Natal,South Africa for sugarcane 1860 | Newsletter#17 p35 |
Overview-history | Introduced to Queensland in 1930s for essential oil | WB#273 p99 |
Overview-history | Introduced to St. Vincent for soil conservation >50 years ago | BOSTID p6 |
Overview-history | Introdyced to Tunisia by Europeans | WB#273 p63 |
Overview-history | Louisiana >150 yrs - USA | BOSTID p28 |
Overview-history | No sign of spreading aftr 30 yrs - Cook Islands | BOSTID p31 |
Overview-history | Oil export & road protection, soil conservation in coffee - Guatemala | BOSTID p28 |
Overview-history | Preventing erosion on slopes & roads - New Caledonia | BOSTID p30 |
Overview-history | Protecting coffee terraces > 30 years - Ruanda | BOSTID p23 |
Overview-history | Reducing soil loss on volcanic slopes - St. Lucia | BOSTID p35 |
Overview-history | Reed used for soil reinforcement - Great Wall of China, Ziggurat in Baghdad | Newsletter#17 p30 |
Overview-history | Relates to hedgerows of Great Britain | WB#273 p42 |
Overview-history | Soil conservation >50 yrs - Tanzania | WB#273 p57 |
Overview-history | Stabilization sugarcane->50 yrs - Malawi | BOSTID p23 |
Overview-history | Strips >200 yrs old - India | BOSTID p66 |
Overview-history | Topsoil losses have brought down civilizations, e.g. Maya | WB#273 p215 |
Overview-history | Undocumented introduction by Moors to Spain | Newsletter#16 p43 |
Overview-history | Used as boundary demarcation - Nigeria | WB#273 p217 |
Overview-history | Used to choke out weeds - American Samoa | BOSTID p30 |
Overview-history | Vetiver only survives naturally in swamps | WB#273 p19 |
Overview-history | West Indies + Fiji >50 yrs in sugar cane fields | WB#273 p217 |
Overview-history | Wild vetiver (nigritana??) found in Guandong China 1957 | Newsletter#18 p.18 |
Overview-land | 11m ha deforestation p.a. 50% needed for cropland replacement | WB#273 p215 |
Overview-land | 1m ha black cotton soils cropped 1 x p.a.; could be 2 x p.a. with vetiver | WB#273 p10 |
Overview-land | 2bn tons soil loss p.a. 60K t/km2 from Loess Plateau to Yellow River, China | BOSTID p.xiv |
Overview-land | 45% forests,56% farm,86% arable wastes,95% pastures erode - India | Newsletter#15 p19 |
Overview-land | Annual mineral nutritional elements lost Southern China 100,000 tons | Newsletter#18 p.42 |
Overview-land | Annual organic matter loss in Southern China160,000 tons | Newsletter#18 p.42 |
Overview-land | Annual soil loss in Southern China 0.7 billion tons topsoil | Newsletter#18 p.42 |
Overview-land | Asia losing 2.5bn tons soil p.a. | WB#273 p6 |
Overview-land | Europe losing 1bn tons soil p.a. | WB#273 p6 |
Overview-land | FAO estimate 5-7m ha good land lost p.a. ex 11% of total land, 1,500m ha | WB#273 p114 |
Overview-land | Global soil eroson 20 bn tons p.a.= 5-7m ha arable land | BOSTID p.xiii |
Overview-land | Global soil loss 10-20 billion tons p.a. | Newsletter#18 p.57 |
Overview-land | In arid lands hedge can extend 10-100 km across desert | WB#273 p11 |
Overview-land | One third Africa threatened with desertification | BOSTID p.xiii |
Overview-land | Sheet erosion has major impact on soil fertility & fertiliser loss | WB#273 p7 |
Overview-land | Soil erosion increased 20 fold over last 30 years | BOSTID p.xiii |
Overview-land | Soil erosion up-71,000 km2 in '50s to 2000,000 in 80's S. China | Newsletter#18 p.42 |
Overview-land | Soil loss - Europe & Asia - 1 and 25 bn tons p.a. respectively | WB#273 p6 |
Overview-land | South Africa losing 400 million tons soil per year | Newsletter#18 p.5 |
Overview-land | USA loses > 1bn tons soil p.a., equivalent to 300,000 ha cropland | WB#273 p6 |
Overview-moisture | 30% available rainfall lost in runoff - Zimbabwe | WB#273 p8 |
Overview-moisture | Effectively poor moisture conservation turns a 650mm rainband to 455 mm | WB#273 p8 |
Overview-moisture | Poor moisture conservation reduces rainfall effectiveness bv 33% | WB#273 p7 |
Overview-names | Common name Khas-Khas - Northern India | Newsletter#13 p2 |
Overview-names | Common Names - Listed | WB#273 p244 |
Overview-names | Faek - Thailand | WB#273 p125 |
Overview-names | Listed by country | WB#273 p32 |
Overview-names | Monto Vetiver in Australia, conservation and other benefits | Newsletter#13 p19 |
Overview-names | Vetiver = "Root that is dug up"; zizanioides = "by riverside" | BOSTID p71 |
Overview-Network | >4,000 members , November 1996 | Newsletter#16 p2 |
Overview-Network | Amberstone Trust - Donation | Newsletter#16 p2 |
Overview-Network | Established as non profit charitable organization with 8 directors | Newsletter#15 p2 |
Overview-Network | Innovative Research awards - November, 1996 | Newsletter#16 p12 |
Overview-Network | Monsanto Co's John Franz Award, October 1996 - $100,000 | Newsletter#16 p1 |
Overview-Network | Royal Danish Govnt - Donation, US$300,000 | Newsletter#16 p2 |
Overview-Network | Vetiver Network Support Project | Newsletter#16 p11 |
Overview-production | 2nd biggest Vetiver oil producer - Haiti, in South | BOSTID p25 |
Overview-production | Annual export 5-10 m. tons p.a. - Reunion Island | Newsletter#14 p28 |
Overview-production | Haitian oil very good qualty, high content vetiverol | Newsletter#14 p34 |
Overview-production | Pre WWII 60 m.tons exported p.a. - Java | Newsletter#14 p28 |
Overview-production | Total world market about 250 m tons p.a. | BOSTID p62 |
Overview-production | World production = 140 tons - Haiti, Reunion, Indonesia | WB#273 p26 |
Overview-research | Basic Science- Co2 absorption; C13 absorption; taxonomy | Newsletter#16 p9 |
Overview-research | Disaster prevention: mudslides; floods, fires, droughts, earth structures | Newsletter#16 p8 |
Overview-research | Ecology - Subjects Listed | BOSTID p89 |
Overview-research | Farmer support- crafts; thatch; supplementary feeds, improved crop yields | Newsletter#16 p8 |
Overview-research | General tolerances; mechanisation of hedge format; dwarfing, root growth | Newsletter#16 p10 |
Overview-research | Industrial wastewater | Newsletter#16 p7 |
Overview-research | Mechanics of sterility; genetic diversity, nitrogen fixation, cold sensitivity | Newsletter#16 p9 |
Overview-research | Need for cultivar screening - Attributes Listed | BOSTID p88 |
Overview-research | Need for research in Everglades Florida, Lake Victoria, East African coast | Newsletter#16 p5 |
Overview-research | Operational research-conditions for optimum performance - Issues Listed | BOSTID p90 |
Overview-research | Ornamentals; screening; animal production; traffic control | Newsletter#16 p8 |
Overview-research | Physiology - Subjects Listed | BOSTID p89 |
Overview-research | Pollution control - underground flows; soil; industrial spills | Newsletter#16 p7 |
Overview-research | Polution control, disaster prevention, science | Newsletter#16 p5 |
Overview-research | Research focii listed - Thailand Conference February 1996 | Newsletter#15 p8 |
Overview-research | Runoff, natural waters | Newsletter#16 p7 |
Overview-research | Sediment control; engineering water flow; waste water treatment | Newsletter#16 p6 |
Overview-research | Self-rising utility walls | Newsletter#16 p8 |
Overview-research | Soil erosion; water management, farmer support | Newsletter#16 p5 |
Overview-research | Transaction of oxygen; heavy metals; disease prevention, mycorrhiza | Newsletter#16 p9 |
Overview-research | Watershed management; waterway management; reinforcement e.g. levees | Newsletter#16 p6 |
Overview-research | Weed prevention; making steep slopes usable | Newsletter#16 p8 |
Overview-research | Wildlife control; mulch; windbreaks; boundary markers, air conditioning | Newsletter#16 p8 |
Overview-spread | >100 tropical & semi tropical countries | Newsletter#16 p2 |
Overview-spread | Countries listed using Vetiver - See Map | WB#273 p216 |
Overview-spread | Countries where vetiver is known - Listed | BOSTID p12 |
Overview-spread | Preventing scouring along water courses - West Java | Newsletter#13 p3 |
Overview-spread | V. nigratana in Okavango swamps - Botswana | Newsletter#17 p35 |
Pests-chemicals | Herbicide 3 days after planting, 3 l/ha Atrazine 500 FW - OK | WB#273 p126 |
Pests-chemicals | Herbicides - Glyphosphate OK only if applied after trimming | WB#273 p138 |
Pests-chemicals | Paracol (contact weedicide) on rubber; drift only affected tops; recovered | WB#273 p96 |
Pests-disease | Black rust-instances observed; not significant | WB#273 p242 |
Pests-disease | Brown spot in several countries; causes leaf dieback from tip | WB#273 p56 |
Pests-disease | Brown spot, Gloecercospora sorghi has no major effect | WB#273 p242 |
Pests-disease | Fungal growth + field dieback - Helminthosporum spp. | WB#273 p209 |
Pests-disease | Fungal species - Listed, Malaysia | BOSTID p81 |
Pests-disease | Fusarium spp (rust), noted in rainy season | WB#273 p56 |
Pests-disease | Fusarium; leaf blight - Use Bordeaux mixture | BOSTID p81 |
Pests-disease | Mulching in Strawberries provides effective control against insects | WB#273 p30 |
Pests-disease | Nigrospora, Helminthosporium, Curvularia spp. of fungi | WB#273 p93 |
Pests-disease | Root-knot nematodes-very resistant | Newsletter#15 p36 |
Pests-disease | Smut - identified but not serious - China | WB#273 p135 |
Pests-disease | Smuts (two) - Bangalore, India | WB#273 p56 |
Pests-pests | Army worm during humid and mild Springs - China | WB#273 p135 |
Pests-pests | Attracts white flies - Malaysia | WB#273 p75 |
Pests-pests | Beetle (Phyllophaga serrata) infects roots | BOSTID p81 |
Pests-pests | Borers die in stem | WB#273 p242 |
Pests-pests | Borers lay eggs in soft shoots; stop pruning in Autumn | WB#273 p107 |
Pests-pests | Burning helps keep termite free - India | WB#273 p186 |
Pests-pests | Holotrichia serrata found in roots | WB#273 p56 |
Pests-pests | Hosts listed - Malaysia | WB#273 p94 |
Pests-pests | Insect herbivory noted on leaf margins - Nepal | WB#273 p56 |
Pests-pests | Mulching effcts on white ant attacks - See Table | WB#273 p121 |
Pests-pests | No cases of reservoir for pests or plagues | Newsletter#16 p39 |
Pests-pests | Rat infestation - Madagascar | WB#273 p56 |
Pests-pests | Stem borer-China; Euoladia grubs - Africa | BOSTID p63 |
Pests-pests | Stem borers - fire is good control; pruning counters over-wintering | BOSTID p81 |
Pests-pests | Stemborer: grassworm (Chilo spp. Lepidotera Pyralidae) - China | WB#273 p77 |
Pests-pests | Stemborers noted in culms - China | WB#273 p56 |
Pests-pests | Sticky worm - China | WB#273 p80 |
Pests-pests | Striga(witchweed) cereal problem; vetiver could be sacrificial barrier | BOSTID p93 |
Pests-pests | Termites attack Vetiver only in arid regions | BOSTID p81 |
Pests-pests | Termites controlled by crushed Neem leaves sprayed as a solution | Newsletter#14 p4 |
Pests-pests | Termites effect - no evidence | WB#273 p55 |
Pests-pests | White ant control - 1kg BHC per 150 m hedge | WB#273 p243 |
Pests-pests | White ants eat when dried out - Zimbabwe | Newsletter#13 p5 |
Pests-pests | White ants not a problem with vigorous green plants | WB#273 p44 |
Pests-pests | White grub attack severe in one instance - Zimbabwe | WB#273 p55 |
Soils-black cotton | Use of vetiver hedges only way for double cropping on black cotton soils | WB#273 p19 |
Soils-general | 60 t/ha lime + spray irrigation for rehabilitation of gold mine pyrites | Newsletter#17 p35 |
Soils-general | Pure white sandy soils unsuitable in India | Newsletter#14 p35 |
Soils-general | Stabilizing slimes dams; hedge cools surface, permits other species | Newsletter#17 p35 |
Soils-general | Survives in laterite | Newsletter#16 p6 |
Soils-hydrophyte | Waterlogged - can withstand for weeks | WB#273 p48 |
Soils-hydrophyte | Waterlogged - survived > one month | WB#273 p95 |
Soils-pH | Adapted to alkaline kimberlite, high in sodium | Newsletter#15 p25 |
Soils-pH | pH 4.5 - 10.5 - Ethiopia and China | WB#273 p68 |
Soils-pH | pH alkaline or sodic soils; 100 kg/ha N; 110 kg/ha P | WB#273 p177 |
Soils-saline | Salt tolerance high - Australia | WB#273 p180 |
Soils-saline | Seashore stabilization - Kerala, India | WB#273 p208 |
Soils-saline | Sodic wastes turned into "luxuriant forests" - Northern India | Newsletter#16 p6 |
Soils-saline | Soluble salts/exchangeable sodium; vetiver unaffected | WB#273 p96 |
Taxonomy | 100 cultivars exist - India | WB#273 p205 |
Taxonomy | Accessions listed | Newsletter#18 p.28 |
Taxonomy | Accessions-V. ziz.: V4,9,23,28; V. nemoralis: V6,7,8,13,20,22 | WB#273 p255 |
Taxonomy | Alternative species tested in Fiji - Listed | WB#273 p13 |
Taxonomy | Comparison of ecotypes - Research described - Thailand | Newsletter#17 p39 |
Taxonomy | Elite strain BDP-1 - largest root volume, excellent soil binder + productive | Newsletter#15 p18 |
Taxonomy | Flower and seedhead large: up to 1.5m long; brown/purple colour | BOSTID p76 |
Taxonomy | Gundalep cultivar selected for fodder - fewer white ants | WB#273 p43 |
Taxonomy | Hybrid 8 (India) produces 50% more root for oil than local varieties | WB#273 p43 |
Taxonomy | Karnataka accession better than Taiping-17% more tillers | Newsletter#13 p29 |
Taxonomy | N and S Indian varieties detailed:stems/roots/leaves/oil content/physiology | BOSTID p72 |
Taxonomy | N. India type lax, weak stemmed, shallow rooted | Newsletter#14 p8 |
Taxonomy | Parit Buntar accession similar to Taiping- better dry weight | Newsletter#13 p29 |
Taxonomy | Single clone factor (e.g Sunshine) extremely dangerous | Newsletter#18 p.27 |
Taxonomy | Sketch of V plant - See Sketch | BOSTID p74 |
Taxonomy | Some cultivars 'forest' types - India/Panama/Guatemala(?) | Newsletter#15 p5 |
Taxonomy | South African vetiver genetically identical: Monto & Sunshine Australia/USA | Newsletter#17 p35 |
Taxonomy | Synonyms & data - Listed | WB#273 p25 |
Taxonomy | USA developing cold climate grass hedge technology | Newsletter#16 p5 |
Taxonomy | Uses specialized photosynthesis, converts CO2 to sugars using less water | BOSTID p73 |
Taxonomy | V. lawsoni - North India (possibly) | Newsletter#14 p45 |
Taxonomy | V. nemoralis upland species; V. zizanioides wetland species | WB#273 p254 |
Taxonomy | V. nigratana: height 1.5 m. leaves broad, good for thatch | Newsletter#13 p8 |
Taxonomy | V. nigritana equally effective to V. zizanioides - Nigeria | WB#273 p145 |
Taxonomy | V.nigritana & V. zizanioides climax vegetation for hundreds years - India | WB#273 p239 |
Taxonomy | V.zizanioides: height 1m, narrow leaves, better fodder | Newsletter#13 p8 |
Traits-altitude | 2,800m - Guatemala | Newsletter#13 p10 |
Traits-altitude | 3,580m - Ecuador | Newsletter#16 p17 |
Traits-altitude | 6,000ft-grows well - in Nepal | Newsletter#14 p5 |
Traits-altitude | 850-2,400m asl - Ethiopia | Newsletter#13 p13 |
Traits-altitude | Grows well at 2,600 meters and on steep slopes (31�) - China | Newsletter#18 p.36 |
Traits-altitude | Up to 2,300m-Himalayan foothills | Newsletter#17 p30 |
Traits-chemicals | Application of endomycorrhizae cultivars aid root growth & P uptake | Newsletter#14 p26 |
Traits-chemicals | Capable of pesticide absorption-Thailand | Newsletter#15 p12 |
Traits-chemicals | DM yield effects of various chemicals-Australia - See Tables | Newsletter#15 p34 |
Traits-chemicals | Floating island technology removed 99% P and 82% N 4 weeks - China | Newsletter#18 p.2 |
Traits-chemicals | Hedgerows aid captivating oversupply chemicals in cabbage production | Newsletter#15 p12 |
Traits-chemicals | Highly tolerant: high arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel | Newsletter#15 p33 |
Traits-chemicals | Purification for garbage leachgate discussed - China | Newsletter#18 p.24 |
Traits-chemicals | Recyclng phosphates deep in soil profile-possibly | Newsletter#17 p38 |
Traits-chemicals | Salt spray and acid sulphate conditions tolerance - China | Newsletter#18 p.2 |
Traits-chemicals | Sensitive to glyphorate (Roundup)-demonstrated in Australia | Newsletter#16 p25 |
Traits-chemicals | Tolerance to high levels mineral toxicity - Australia | Newsletter#18 p.38 |
Traits-chemicals | Tolerance to toxic mineral levels described - Australia | Newsletter#18 p.52 |
Traits-chemicals | Withstands heavy wind and sea spray - China | Newsletter#18 p.67 |
Traits-climate | 2 yr old, 38 cm clump killed by temperatures-13� to -15� GA., USA | WB#273 p77 |
Traits-climate | 600 mm low with 9 mnths dry; 6,000 mm in Sri Lanka | WB#273 p68 |
Traits-climate | <300 mm; must plant in 160� "V" ditch | WB#273 p18 |
Traits-climate | Adapted to Mediterranean conditions - Spain | Newsletter#15 p16 |
Traits-climate | Cold tolerance not affcted by fertiliser or accession variability | WB#273 p118 |
Traits-climate | Did not die out with temperatures -9.5� | WB#273 p107 |
Traits-climate | Drought resistant - China | WB#273 p80 |
Traits-climate | Drought resistant, cold hardy, infertile soils tolerance - China | Newsletter#18 p.35 |
Traits-climate | Growth ceased with temperatures <15�C | Newsletter#13 p19 |
Traits-climate | Growth faster relative to temp | WB#273 p151 |
Traits-climate | Hedge can survive in <200 mm rainfall areas | WB#273 p232 |
Traits-climate | Killed by 3 day -16� to -18� - Texas | WB#273 p77 |
Traits-climate | Mountainous uplands minimum -7� C; 35 frost days, 10-15 snow days | WB#273 p124 |
Traits-climate | Must have hot bright sun - experience New Zealand & United Kingdom | BOSTID p64 |
Traits-climate | OK above 450mm rainfall - Australia | Newsletter#13 p19 |
Traits-climate | Photoperiod influences growth & rhizogenesis (probably) | WB#273 p111 |
Traits-climate | Plants damaged with temperatures -13� - Louisiana, USA | WB#273 p77 |
Traits-climate | Plants survived frost but killed by temperatures of -16�C Mississippi USA | WB#273 p77 |
Traits-climate | Reduced summer soil temps. & winter frost damage - China | Newsletter#18 p.2 |
Traits-climate | Sprouted:>12�C; normal >17�C; fast>25�C - China | WB#273 p134 |
Traits-climate | Survived 34�N cold - Georgia, USA | WB#273 p77 |
Traits-climate | Survives in 300->6000 mm rain bands | WB#273 p18 |
Traits-climate | Temperature bands -9�C - +46�C | BOSTID p10 |
Traits-climate | Temperature optimum for planting 17.1� C | Newsletter#18 p.45 |
Traits-climate | Temperature range-45� max (India); Min -9�C with 10 frost days - Italy | WB#273 p68 |
Traits-climate | Threshold soil temperature -5�C - Louisiana, USA | WB#273 p133 |
Traits-climate | Tolerant to -12�C to 7�C for 17-20 days - California, USA | WB#273 p126 |
Traits-climate | Very sensitive to temperatures - China | WB#273 p109 |
Traits-climate | Wide range of temperatures & rainfall- -9�C - 45�C; 200 - 9,000mm | WB#273 p235 |
Traits-climate | Withstands any stress except shade and freezing | Newsletter#16 p34 |
Traits-climate | Withstands temperatures of >50�C summer; sub-zero winter - South Africa | Newsletter#15 p25 |
Traits-climate | Withstands torrential rains after 2-3 growing seasons | WB#273 p222 |
Traits-climate | Withstands: heat, drought, salt, alkalinity & waterlogging | BOSTID p37 |
Traits-climate | Xerophyte and hydrophyte - possibly due to high salt in leaf sap | WB#273 p227 |
Traits-costs | Cheap & easy to establish | WB#273 p235 |
Traits-costs | Low cost; economic system; soil moisture conservation | WB#273 p250 |
Traits-engineering | Controls roadside & bridge approach erosion | WB#273 p5 |
Traits-engineering | Cut section above canal - Philippines - See Photo | Newsletter#15 p13 |
Traits-engineering | Engineers should construct effluent ponds on hillsides | WB#273 p144 |
Traits-engineering | Grows vertically on >150% slp for engineering use - Malaysia | Newsletter#17 p32 |
Traits-engineering | Highway down-slope stabilization - Malaysia - See Photo | WB#273 p211 |
Traits-engineering | Highways-culvert silt trap, drains, canal banks, hedges at 1 or 2m VI | Newsletter#17 p32 |
Traits-engineering | Protected farm drain-Sth Africa - See Photo | WB#273 p213 |
Traits-engineering | Protecting road - Fiji | Newsletter#13 p18 |
Traits-engineering | Protecting roadsides - See Diagram | WB#273 p239 |
Traits-engineering | Protects footpaths, railways; road cuts;wastewater treatment; flood control | BOSTID p86 |
Traits-engineering | Protects irrigation canals from erosion and silting of dams | WB#273 p5 |
Traits-engineering | Slope stabilization in bio engineering project - Discussed | Newsletter#15 p14 |
Traits-engineering | Stabilization of industrial construction sites - South Africa | Newsletter#17 p35 |
Traits-engineering | Stabilizing hillside road edge - See Photo | BOSTID p43 |
Traits-engineering | Tensile strength 40-189 Mpa for root diameter 0.2 - 2.2 mm | Newsletter#18 p.50 |
Traits-engineering | Tensile strength of 75 MPa, i.e. 33% of mild steel - Malaysia | Newsletter#17 p32 |
Traits-engineering | Tensile strength of strong as hardwood roots | Newsletter#16 p50 |
Traits-engineering | Tensile strengths of roots - Malaysia - See Table | Newsletter#17 p32 |
Traits-engineering | Used for structural strengthening: roads, embankments, drains, gullies | WB#273 p250 |
Traits-fire | Firebreak insurance - South Africa | WB#273 p124 |
Traits-fire | Firebreaks - Gramoxone, then burnt | WB#273 p124 |
Traits-fire | Possible barrier against fires in tree plantings | BOSTID p86 |
Traits-fire | Rapid recovery after fire--4 wks full recovery - Malaysia | WB#273 p175 |
Traits-fire | Remains green in dry season - Gundalepet cultivar | WB#273 p55 |
Traits-fire | Resistant to fire | WB#273 p250 |
Traits-general | "Seedlings never seen" - St. Lucia | BOSTID p36 |
Traits-general | Acts as "nurse plant" protecting other species, allowing watershed recovery | BOSTID p33 |
Traits-general | As mulch-longer lasting than lalang - Malaysia | WB#273 p96 |
Traits-general | Averaged contour - See Diagram | WB#273 p224 |
Traits-general | Calorimetric analysis-mean gross heat of combustion 18.6 KJ/g | WB#273 p144 |
Traits-general | Climax plant; persistent post fire or drought | WB#273 p235 |
Traits-general | Combine with trees, shrubs & creepers for biological engineering | Newsletter#18 p.39 |
Traits-general | Cross-section of hedge - See Diagram | WB#273 p223 |
Traits-general | Crown below surface provides fire protection | WB#273 p59 |
Traits-general | Culms without sheaths, with bud-eyes & root points sprout better | Newsletter#18 p.19 |
Traits-general | Deep vertical roots (3m), avoids high salt in top levels | WB#273 p102 |
Traits-general | Disadvantages-high labour requirement, harbors snakes, rodents-Costa Rica | Newsletter#17 p26 |
Traits-general | Disease resistant; not alternative host | WB#273 p59 |
Traits-general | Drainage under constructed system - See Diagram | WB#273 p221 |
Traits-general | Drainage under vegetative system - See Diagram | WB#273 p223 |
Traits-general | Each clump produces different types of tillers | WB#273 p161 |
Traits-general | Easily removed - plow out | BOSTID p52 |
Traits-general | Effect of fertiliser & spacing - See Table | WB#273 p130 |
Traits-general | Extremely resistant to pests & diseases | WB#273 p250 |
Traits-general | Fertiliser affects DM early only; spacing more important = more DM | WB#273 p131 |
Traits-general | Fixes N & P through rhizobial & mycorrhizal root associations | Newsletter#16 p22 |
Traits-general | Found naturally in saline swampy areas; spreads through seed, 2m high | WB#273 p84 |
Traits-general | Grows to about 1m wide at base | BOSTID p51 |
Traits-general | Hedge intact after > 60 years - Zambia | WB#273 p250 |
Traits-general | Hedges compete with crops @ 4m intervals; better 6-8m | WB#273 p75 |
Traits-general | Hedges on coffee farm, Costa Rica - See Photo | Newsletter#15 p4 |
Traits-general | Insensitive to photoperiod; converts Co2 to sugars with less water | BOSTID p73 |
Traits-general | Investigations on inoculating slips with mycorrhiza-adverse conditions | WB#273 p255 |
Traits-general | Killed by slicing off crown | BOSTID p70 |
Traits-general | Lasts longer than local thatch, more rainproof-Ethiopia | WB#273 p65 |
Traits-general | Lateral spread up to 2.5 - 3 m after 30-40 years | Newsletter#13 p21 |
Traits-general | Leaves have few stomata, thus drought resistant | BOSTID p75 |
Traits-general | Max tillers 9.92 - Mississippi, USA | WB#273 p117 |
Traits-general | Mulch for coffee plantations-Zimbabwe | WB#273 p34 |
Traits-general | Needs no maintenance or management | WB#273 p250 |
Traits-general | Negative factor; heavy metals could enter food chain through plant shoots | Newsletter#15 p36 |
Traits-general | Neglected plants (150 yrs); no spreading in situ - USA | BOSTID p29 |
Traits-general | Nitrogen fixing ability possible | WB#273 p235 |
Traits-general | No fertiliser required by mature plants because of myorrhizal activity | Newsletter#13 p19 |
Traits-general | Non-germinating seed; no stolon/rhizome spread | WB#273 p59 |
Traits-general | Not flowered for 25 years _ Luisiana, USA | WB#273 p250 |
Traits-general | Nutritional analysis -China - See Table | WB#273 p136 |
Traits-general | Nutritional analysis 2 accessions - See Table | WB#273 p145 |
Traits-general | Old culms from 1st 4 nodes at base of stem best survivors - China | Newsletter#18 p.19 |
Traits-general | On-farm use- See Photos | Newsletter#17 p50 |
Traits-general | Perennial, little maintenance | WB#273 p59 |
Traits-general | Permanent hedge - dense | WB#273 p59 |
Traits-general | Pioneer plant for land rehabilitation - China | Newsletter#18 p.67 |
Traits-general | Plant height max 2.03 m | WB#273 p117 |
Traits-general | Protected crops etc. from wind-blown sand - China | Newsletter#18 p.2 |
Traits-general | Protecting masonry terraces - See Diagram | WB#273 p238 |
Traits-general | Rainfall & protected/unprotected farm - See Diagram | WB#273 p226 |
Traits-general | Resistant to most herbicides; succumbs to glyphosphate | BOSTID p83 |
Traits-general | Resists stem borers better than Lemon grass - Cost Rica | BOSTID p28 |
Traits-general | Root penetration to 3.6 m - Malaysia | Newsletter#15 p15 |
Traits-general | Root system displayed in model - El Salvador | Newsletter#17 p28 |
Traits-general | Root system extends 5m underground | Newsletter#16 p2 |
Traits-general | Root system strong & fibrous | WB#273 p59 |
Traits-general | Roots grow almost straight down | BOSTID p9 |
Traits-general | Roots reached 1m in 2 months; in 3 months >2m deep | BOSTID p9 |
Traits-general | Same grass subtribe as: maize, sorghum, lemongrass, citron | BOSTID p65 |
Traits-general | Seeks out weak spots in embankments for example | WB#273 p175 |
Traits-general | Sewage purification a possible development - China | Newsletter#18 p.22 |
Traits-general | Sharp leaves + root odour; rodent prevention | WB#273 p235 |
Traits-general | Some evidence of spreading under swamp conditions | WB#273 p249 |
Traits-general | Some fertile seed on panicles - Philippines | WB#273 p79 |
Traits-general | Strip farming - Discussion | BOSTID p91 |
Traits-general | Survival in Indian scarcity zones dependent on soil, plant quality etc. | Newsletter#18 p.38 |
Traits-general | Survival poor with 25 rainy days p.a.;+ stray cattle - India | Newsletter#18 p.39 |
Traits-general | Track can be cut over hedge; gap grows back rapidly | WB#273 p15 |
Traits-general | Wetlands - good purifying and stabilising effect - China | Newsletter#18 p.22 |
Traits-general | Windbreaks-Natal, South Africa | WB#273 p34 |
Traits-general | Yields increased by up to 50% | Newsletter#16 p2 |
Traits-growth | 1 cm/day + 1 tiller 7 days with daily temperatures averaging 20�C | WB#273 p109 |
Traits-growth | 2cms/day + 3-4 tillers 7 days with daily temperatures averaging 25�C | WB#273 p109 |
Traits-growth | 4 phases: frost & dormancy, tillering, rapid growth, production, slow up | Newsletter#15 p16 |
Traits-growth | 5 cm per day for >60 days | WB#273 p160 |
Traits-growth | 7 months old 1.50 m high; 3.10m root growth-Thailand | WB#273 p193 |
Traits-growth | Above ground - 2m in few weeks | BOSTID p9 |
Traits-growth | After 40 years uncontrolled lateral spread 0.3 - 0.4m to 2.5m - Fiji | Newsletter#15 p27 |
Traits-growth | Can be harvested at any time of year - Texas, USA | WB#273 p158 |
Traits-growth | Culms reach 3m high | BOSTID p73 |
Traits-growth | Multiplication rates of tillers-Malaysia - See Table | WB#273 p137 |
Traits-growth | Needs irrigation for establishment in dry conditions | Newsletter#13 p5 |
Traits-growth | Rate of multiplication 8-16fold for internodal stem cuttings | WB#273 p138 |
Traits-growth | Root development - See Photo | WB#273 p166 |
Traits-growth | Root growth - See Photo | BOSTID p76 |
Traits-growth | Root system 4m deep - El Salvador | Newsletter#17 p29 |
Traits-growth | Root systm penetrates 5m down - Malaysia | Newsletter#17 p32 |
Traits-growth | Roots downwards >3m; lateral growth 50 cm | WB#273 p242 |
Traits-growth | Roots grow fast-60cm deep in 3 weeks - Malaysia | BOSTID p77 |
Traits-growth | Semi-arid conditions plants take 3 yrs to form complete hedge | BOSTID p14 |
Traits-growth | Tillers/plant & clump growth in relation to spacing - See Table | Newsletter#17 p33 |
Traits-growth | Under hot conditions 1.5 cm/day growth - China | WB#273 p109 |
Traits-latitude | 36�N in China; temperatures -8�C | BOSTID p18 |
Traits-latitude | Grows well in any soil at 42�N - China | Newsletter#18 p.35 |
Traits-latitude | Mainly tropical but up to 42�N, Near Rome, Italy, 650m asl | WB#273 p229 |
Traits-latitude | Primarily 30� N & S of equator | Newsletter#15 p7 |
Traits-links | Acidic or slightly alkaline OK with finger millet, castor or peanuts | WB#273 p68 |
Traits-links | Acts as 'nurse plant' protecting other species | BOSTID p33 |
Traits-links | Combined with Nephrolepis s. (fern) makes efficient hedgerows | Newsletter#13 p26 |
Traits-links | Compensatory increase in yields further from hedge | WB#273 p75 |
Traits-links | Ideal micro-habitat for establishment of indigenous grass species | Newsletter#15 p25 |
Traits-links | Mycorrhiza grow in association with some cultivars - probably | WB#273 p61 |
Traits-links | Not competitive with adjacent crops | WB#273 p249 |
Traits-links | Plants in boundary rows smaller than central rows - Spain | Newsletter#16 p59 |
Traits-links | Sugar cane planted immediately adjacent has little interference - See Photo | BOSTID p54 |
Traits-links | Yield reduction with maize, only nearest rows to hedge | WB#273 p75 |
Traits-livestock | 2-10 tons DM/ha; not good foodstuff - Mali | BOSTID p20 |
Traits-livestock | Comparison of fodder value - See Table | WB#273 p65 |
Traits-livestock | DM yield 2-10 tons per annum; digestibility coefficient 35-40% - ILCA | BOSTID p20 |
Traits-livestock | Doubtful palatability/digestibility - Columbia | WB#273 p140 |
Traits-livestock | Fodder value of Napier Grass better than Vetiver | WB#273 p147 |
Traits-livestock | Generally unpalatable to livestock; young leaves palatable | WB#273 p235 |
Traits-livestock | Grazing; cannot be grazed out | WB#273 p59 |
Traits-livestock | Immune to feral goats - St. Lucia | BOSTID p36 |
Traits-livestock | Liked by water buffaloes - India | WB#273 p64 |
Traits-livestock | Livestock feed - China | Newsletter#18 p.68 |
Traits-livestock | Mature foliage withstands regular grazing by cattle | BOSTID p9 |
Traits-livestock | Moderate digestibility (52%IVD) | Newsletter#13 p19 |
Traits-livestock | No value as fodder | Newsletter#13 p3 |
Traits-livestock | Not eaten by livestock | WB#273 p250 |
Traits-livestock | OK for ruminants if mixed with other good quality feeds | WB#273 p66 |
Traits-livestock | Palatable to domestic & wild animals - Australia | Newsletter#13 p19 |
Traits-livestock | Pigs dig close but don't uproot; also dig deep to 30cm but no harm to plant | Newsletter#14 p26 |
Traits-livestock | Pigs eat Napier grass, not vetiver - Papua New Guinea | Newsletter#14 p27 |
Traits-livestock | Sheep did not graze lined pathway | WB#273 p96 |
Traits-livestock | Young tops consumed by sheep - Malaysia | BOSTID p44 |
Traits-livestock | Young vetiver suitable for cows, goats, pigs and fish | WB#273 p136 |
Traits-mulch | Little difference with vetiver mulch and leguminous ground cover in rubber | WB#273 p132 |
Traits-mulch | Mulching of strawberries in Louisiana late 19th Century | Newsletter#18 p.5 |
Traits-oil | 0.5 to 3.3% depending on condition of roots when lifted | WB#273 p26 |
Traits-oil | 1 ha yields about 1,000 kg air dried roots | Newsletter#14 p29 |
Traits-oil | 15-18 mnths roots in soil optimal; 24-25 months only 0.25% | Newsletter#14 p35 |
Traits-oil | 2 yr old root yields 0.8 - 1% oil; modern mill 1.5-2.0%-Reunion Island | Newsletter#14 p32 |
Traits-oil | 3 yr old root yields v little oil | Newsletter#14 p31 |
Traits-oil | 454 kg ex 2 crops p.a.= 45 kg/ha | WB#273 p26 |
Traits-oil | Aging for 6 months improves quality - Brazil | Newsletter#14 p35 |
Traits-oil | Chemical composition - Defined | Newsletter#14 p32 |
Traits-oil | Correlation oil yield from roots & non-flowering | Newsletter#14 p8 |
Traits-oil | Distillation 1 charge 12-36 hrs -Java | Newsletter#14 p30 |
Traits-oil | Distillation 1 charge 36 hrs - Brazil | Newsletter#14 p35 |
Traits-oil | Distillation 1 charge 36-48 hrs -Reunion Island | Newsletter#14 p31 |
Traits-oil | Distillation 1 charge 36-72 hrs - Haiti | Newsletter#14 p33 |
Traits-oil | Distillation; cut in small pieces, wet, steam 4-5 atmospheres | Newsletter#14 p30 |
Traits-oil | In sandy seashore yields 0.5% oil - Reunion | Newsletter#14 p34 |
Traits-oil | Most oil with most fragrance from 18 month roots - China | Newsletter#18 p.18 |
Traits-oil | Odour of young light oils-green/earthy; older root odour fuller, richer | Newsletter#14 p30 |
Traits-oil | Oil cells only found in root bark; yields 0.4-1.0% weight of dry roots | Newsletter#13 p3 |
Traits-oil | Oil chemical composition and market - Discussed | BOSTID p79 |
Traits-oil | Oil content decreases in clay soils, oil content 2-2.5% - China | Newsletter#18 p.18 |
Traits-oil | Oil mainly in roots; some in leaves | BOSTID p80 |
Traits-oil | Quality of oil better from loose soils, no water-logging - China | Newsletter#18 p.37 |
Traits-oil | Root has high viscosity and high boiling point | Newsletter#14 p30 |
Traits-oil | Use & consumption vetiver oil limited; oil difficult to distill | Newsletter#14 p29 |
Traits-oil | Yield 25-50 grams essential oil from 5 kgs roots | WB#273 p26 |
Traits-oil | Yield 280-520 kg/ha - Brazil | Newsletter#14 p35 |
Traits-pests | Nematode resistance high - Australia | Newsletter#18 p.37 |
Traits-pests | Resistant to nematodes - IRRI Philippines | Newsletter#18 p.17 |
Traits-pests | Root fungus can damage plants; lowers yield | Newsletter#14 p29 |
Traits-pests | V. zizanioides Monto (sterile & non sterile) resistant to rootknot nematode | Newsletter#15 p36 |
Traits-pollution | Brackish water fishery waste clean up, pollution control | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Traits-pollution | Prification of eutrophic water described - China | Newsletter#18 p.40 |
Traits-production | Biomass regrowth in 6 month-old plant 124-358,000 kg/ha with fertiliser | WB#273 p118 |
Traits-production | Biomass regrowth in 6 month-old plant 177-354,000 kg/ha with accessions | WB#273 p118 |
Traits-production | Biomass yield from VHG in citrus 15 tons/ha | Newsletter#18 p.41 |
Traits-production | Height 150 -200 cm after 6 months - China | Newsletter#18 p.39 |
Traits-production | No relation between leaf size & oil content | Newsletter#14 p34 |
Traits-production | Summer crop yields increased by 34% with vetiver hedges - China | Newsletter#18 p.2 |
Traits-production | Tiller production 18-20/clump after 6 months - China | Newsletter#18 p.39 |
Traits-production | Treatment effects on above ground biomass - See Table | WB#273 p107 |
Traits-production | Tea yields increased by 40% if in conjunction with vetiver hedge | Newsletter#18 p.1 |
Traits-shade | After establishment, no stress | WB#273 p48 |
Traits-shade | Dry weight slips without shade 2.43 times more than w/shade - China | Newsletter#18 p.44 |
Traits-shade | Grown under heavy shade - See Photo | BOSTID p19 |
Traits-shade | Growth difference 90.8 cm shade(3.5 months)/no shade - China | Newsletter#18 p.44 |
Traits-shade | Not shade tolerant; reduces tillers, shoots and roots | WB#273 p88 |
Traits-shade | Poor performance under shade | Newsletter#15 p4 |
Traits-shade | Shade during establishment stresses growth | WB#273 p48 |
Traits-shade | Temporary effect only | WB#273 p179 |
Traits-slopes | >60% slopes + pH 4.1 - China | WB#273 p217 |
Traits-slopes | Slopes - 30% to 40% - China | WB#273 p68 |
Traits-soil | Grows on infertile laterite but urea application increased growth | Newsletter#18 p.44 |
Traits-soils | Adverse: coastal,high/low pH,black cotton,barren,wtrlogged,arid,saline | BOSTID p64 |
Traits-soils | Biomass increased soil organic matter from 0.4% to 1.8% - China | Newsletter#18 p.2 |
Traits-soils | Crop yield increases w/hedges: 6% banks; 26% contour cult.; 10% leucana | BOSTID p13 |
Traits-soils | Established on barren orange grit facing salt spray and sea winds | BOSTID p46 |
Traits-soils | Established on pure sand and caolin clay - South Africa | BOSTID p45 |
Traits-soils | Established on slime residue from cement manufacture | BOSTID p45 |
Traits-soils | Exchangeable sodium; high levels OK with high pH 9.0 - 10.6 | Newsletter#15 p13 |
Traits-soils | Gold mine & slimes dams stabilization - South Africa | Newsletter#15 p14 |
Traits-soils | Grew in high Aluminium toxic soils- India | WB#273 p17 |
Traits-soils | Grew well on substrate mainly of quartz and gravel | WB#273 p17 |
Traits-soils | Grows better under slightly acid soil conditions | WB#273 p152 |
Traits-soils | Grows in bauxite - Sri Lanka | BOSTID p10 |
Traits-soils | Grows wild in low, damp sites, e.g. swamps and bogs | BOSTID p71 |
Traits-soils | Hard soil penetration - Thailand | WB#273 p196 |
Traits-soils | High tolerance to salinity levels; DM yield Rhodes, Vetiver & Paspalum | WB#273 p100 |
Traits-soils | Hot winds in slime dams pH 3.3 - South Africa | Newsletter#14 p13 |
Traits-soils | In desert conditions will rise above sand build up | BOSTID p87 |
Traits-soils | Most suitable-loose, sandy or young volcanic ashes | Newsletter#14 p29 |
Traits-soils | Multiplication rates - different soil conditons-Malaysia - See Table | WB#273 p137 |
Traits-soils | OK for self sustainable growth kimberlite tailings, slimes dams | Newsletter#15 p25 |
Traits-soils | Persists in very dry soil conditions - China | WB#273 p135 |
Traits-soils | Persists in very wet soil conditions - China | WB#273 p135 |
Traits-soils | pH 3.3-9.5; aluminium concentration >68%, manganese >578 ppm, 17.5 dSm | Newsletter#13 p19 |
Traits-soils | pH 4.5 - 8.5 - China | WB#273 p124 |
Traits-soils | pH 9 to 10.6 throughout profile - India | Newsletter#14 p26 |
Traits-soils | pH increased 5.7-5.9 w/soil erosion control & better retention profile bases | Newsletter#14 p21 |
Traits-soils | pH range: 4.5 Ethiopia & China; pH 10.5 India | WB#273 p68 |
Traits-soils | Range of soil saline levels 4.6 to 10.5 d/Sm | WB#273 p134 |
Traits-soils | Reclamation 'usar' hard black alkaline, pH 11.0 & salty soils -India | BOSTID p36 |
Traits-soils | Reclamation abandoned strip mines & borrow pits-Kentucky, USA | Newsletter#13 p24 |
Traits-soils | Reclamation usar alkaline soils - See Photos | BOSTID p38 |
Traits-soils | Rehabilitation mining waste & contaminated land, pH tolerance, salinity | Newsletter#15 p32 |
Traits-soils | Rehabilitation toxic municipal waste dump - Queensland - See Photo | Newsletter#15 p33 |
Traits-soils | Saline threshold 8mScm -1 ECse; 17.5 , Scm-1 reduces by 50% | Newsletter#13 p26 |
Traits-soils | Sand, heavy clay, rocky, volcanic, swamps, saline deltas | WB#273 p158 |
Traits-soils | Satisfactory tillering with pH 4.7 - Malaysia | WB#273 p69 |
Traits-soils | Slope stability increased through soil moisture depletion via suction-possibly | Newsletter#17 p32 |
Traits-soils | Slopes of 30-40% - China | WB#273 p68 |
Traits-soils | Soil bulk density --; porosity, organic matter & trace elements ++ | Newsletter#18 p.2 |
Traits-soils | Soil impoverisher debunked -Haiti | BOSTID p25 |
Traits-soils | Soil losses reduced 70-90% | Newsletter#16 p2 |
Traits-soils | Soil moisture increased 12% to 18% - India | Newsletter#14 p21 |
Traits-soils | Suitable for reclamation and stabilization of saline lands | WB#273 p105 |
Traits-soils | Suitable in castal sands with strong winds - China | Newsletter#18 p.67 |
Traits-soils | Survives in aluminium rich soils; deadly to most plants | BOSTID p52 |
Traits-soils | Thrives in wide range pH, Al, Mn, and pH 3.3-9.5 | Newsletter#15 p12 |
Traits-soils | Tolerant to high and low pH | WB#273 p60 |
Traits-soils | Wide pH range; soil fertility not limiting | WB#273 p227 |
Traits-soils | Wide range of soil conditions - sands, shales, mining slag | WB#273 p235 |
Traits-soils | Will grow in pH levels 3.8 to 9.9 | WB#273 p249 |
Traits-soils | Windbreaks & soil stabilization in desert areas | BOSTID p87 |
Traits-soils | Withstands tunnelling and cracking | WB#273 p235 |
Traits-soils | Yield reduction of 50% when soil salimity is 15-24 mScm | WB#273 p105 |
Traits-temperature | 10� - 45�C - N.W. Queensland, Australia | Newsletter#13 p19 |
Traits-temperature | 24-39�C; rainfall; 1,000 - 2,500mm - Ethiopia | Newsletter#13 p14 |
Traits-temperature | Minimum of 15�C for growth | WB#273 p151 |
Traits-temperature | Near Rome -11� C | WB#273 p17 |
Traits-temperature | Survives slight frosts, dies when soil freezes | WB#273 p134 |
Traits-water | Copes well with floods, drought & poor soil conditions | WB#273 p125 |
Traits-water | Flood resistant; survived 45 days emersion | BOSTID p9 |
Traits-water | Hedgerows protecting embankments around deep pond - See Photo | BOSTID p43 |
Traits-water | Hedges holding back water - See Photo | BOSTID p53 |
Traits-water | Hydraulic characteristics - Australia | Newsletter#15 p13 |
Traits-water | Planted along streams/ponds; filters coffee pulp; reduces pollution | WB#273 p65 |
Traits-water | Protected canal bank - See Photo | Newsletter#15 p14 |
Traits-water | Survived 12 months total submersion - Natal, South Africa | Newsletter#17 p35 |
Traits-water | Survived 45 days immersion - India | WB#273 p17 |
Traits-water | Water clean-up in bioreactors - USA | Newsletter#13 p25 |
Traits-weeds | Allelopathic effect of on weeds; possible development natural herbicide | Newsletter#15 p17 |
Traits-weeds | Barrier to weeds; rhizomes cannot pass | WB#273 p19 |
Traits-weeds | Blocks weeds & grasses, e.g. Zimbabwe & Mauritius | BOSTID p9 |
Traits-weeds | Couch grass cannot penetrate - Sri Lanka | BOSTID p16 |
Traits-weeds | Dense rootng repels weed grasses, e.g. Cynodon dactylon | WB#273 p222 |
Traits-weeds | Not a weed | WB#273 p249 |
Traits-wildlife | Repels rats & snakes | WB#273 p59 |
Traits-wildlife | Repels rodents & other animals | WB#273 p250 |
Trees/forestry | Circled around fruit trees unfavourable as blocks moisture | WB#273 p196 |
Trees/forestry | Erosion limitation in Eucalyptus - China | WB#273 p258 |
Trees/forestry | Eucalyptus establishment - runoff reduced by 28% | WB#273 p259 |
Trees/forestry | Eucalyptus establishment; soil loss reduced from 17.6 to 2.9t/ha | WB#273 p259 |
Trees/forestry | Eucalyptus establishment; tree growth increased by 28% | WB#273 p259 |
Trees/forestry | Fruit trees need no irrigation; vetiver provides water retention | WB#273 p237 |
Trees/forestry | Fruit trees planted behind vetiver contour barriers - Trinidad | BOSTID p25 |
Trees/forestry | Half moon circles around fruit trees, no competition if trimmed | Newsletter#14 p14 |
Trees/forestry | Little grows under eucalyptus | WB#273 p258 |
Trees/forestry | Mangos planted behind hedge | WB#273 p12 |
Trees/forestry | Nurturing trees - See Diagram | WB#273 p236 |
Trees/forestry | Only in bulk prevent soil loss | WB#273 p220 |
Trees/forestry | Pioneer plant with Eucalyptus for soil rehabilitation - China | Newsletter#18 p.3 |
Trees/forestry | Plant amongst hedgerows - Southern China | Newsletter#16 p26 |
Trees/forestry | Planted circular around fruit trees - See Photo | Newsletter#14 p25 |
Trees/forestry | Planted in base of V ditch; trees planted above | WB#273 p236 |
Trees/forestry | Stabilizing trees - See Diagram | WB#273 p236 |
Trees/forestry | Vetiver not competitive with trees - Vietnam | Newsletter#15 p24 |
Trees/forestry | Water run-off reduced by 51% in eucalyptus plantations- China | Newsletter#18 p.2 |
Trees/forestry | With hedge 90% survival; without hedge 30% survival | WB#273 p237 |
Uses-conservation | Controlling run-off from golf courses | WB#273 p255 |
Uses-conservation | Flood bank stabilization from sea surges - Bangladesh | WB#273 p169 |
Uses-conservation | Flood plain stabilization - Natural Resources | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-conservation | Ground water recharge - Natural Resources | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-conservation | Gully control - Natural Resources | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-conservation | On farm soil & water conservation - Natural Resources | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-conservation | Stabilization of fish pond dikes - China | Newsletter#18 p.2 |
Uses-conservation | Stream bank stabiliser to stop sedimentation of lake - USA | Newsletter#13 p24 |
Uses-dams/canals | Avoidance of silting up in dams; trapping with vetiver before entry to dam | WB#273 p240 |
Uses-dams/canals | Dam protection (spillways/walls/waves) - Natural Resources | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-dams/canals | Dam protection - Inlets 1m apart in lines - Zimbabwe | WB#273 p12 |
Uses-dams/canals | Planted around pond corralled ducks - China | BOSTID p10 |
Uses-dams/canals | Reservoir embankment stabilization & wave action control - Zimbabwe | Newsletter#17 p37 |
Uses-dams/canals | Rice irrigation field channels - Nepal | WB#273 p57 |
Uses-dams/canals | Rice paddy bund stabiliser - Nepal | WB#273 p57 |
Uses-dams/canals | Silt traps at dam entrances - Ghana | WB#273 p57 |
Uses-domestic | Boiled in water as tea - Fiji | BOSTID p29 |
Uses-domestic | Curry seasoning - Malaysia | Newsletter#16 p35 |
Uses-domestic | Double mats - West Indies | WB#273 p64 |
Uses-domestic | Flea repellant - Dog Fancy Magazine | WB#273 p113 |
Uses-domestic | Fuel - Economic Uses | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-domestic | Fuel briquettes - UK/USA/South Africa | Newsletter#13 p4 |
Uses-domestic | Fuel where quick heat required - Hong Kong | WB#273 p144 |
Uses-domestic | Mattress stuffng - Central African Republic | BOSTID p23 |
Uses-domestic | Oil repels flies & cockroaches; insect repellant | BOSTID p80 |
Uses-domestic | Ornamental around houses - Ethiopia | BOSTID p21 |
Uses-domestic | Roof thatching - Ethiopia | Newsletter#13 p14 |
Uses-domestic | Roofing - termites do not eat; 3-5 years duration | Newsletter#16 p15 |
Uses-domestic | Roofing-better than Imperata cylindrica - Thailand | WB#273 p125 |
Uses-domestic | Root aroma in drinking water | Newsletter#15 p3 |
Uses-domestic | Root deters: clothes moths; lice in heads, bedbugs | BOSTID p80 |
Uses-domestic | Roots mixed with sugar cane alcohol hair lotion for baldness | Newsletter#16 p16 |
Uses-domestic | Spice with meat - China | WB#273 p124 |
Uses-domestic | Stems hold paint & keeps colour | Newsletter#16 p35 |
Uses-domestic | Thatch - >3 years - Fiji | WB#273 p13 |
Uses-domestic | Thatch lasts longer than other grasses - Ethiopia | BOSTID p22 |
Uses-domestic | Thatching - St. Vincent | WB#273 p57 |
Uses-domestic | Wall hangings - Barbados | BOSTID p26 |
Uses-domestic | With shampoo and soap for aroma | Newsletter#15 p3 |
Uses-engineering | Bridge protection - See Figure 44 | WB#273 p240 |
Uses-engineering | Construction site stabilization - Construction & Engineering | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-engineering | Embankment & cut stabilization - Construction & Engineering | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-engineering | Planted along edge of road - West Indies, Philippines, Tanzania | WB#273 p12 |
Uses-engineering | Stabilise bridge wing-walls | WB#273 p12 |
Uses-engineering | Stormwater detention ponds; copes with urban run-off | WB#273 p144 |
Uses-fodder | Cattle feed - biomass crushed, protein added | Newsletter#16 p23 |
Uses-fodder | Fish rearing; cut leaves eaten by carp | WB#273 p95 |
Uses-fodder | Prunings for livestock feed; replaces rice straw for bedding | BOSTID p17 |
Uses-general | Biomass for mulching fruit trees | WB#273 p84 |
Uses-general | Bioponics, recycling water | Newsletter#14 p4 |
Uses-general | Excess herbicide and pesticide clean up - Pollution Control | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-general | Excludes creeping grass/weeds from tobacco fields - Zimbabwe | BOSTID p22 |
Uses-general | Hedges trap manure in run-off from feedlots, piggeries, dairies | Newsletter#13 p21 |
Uses-general | Ornamental plant - Zaire | BOSTID p23 |
Uses-general | Paper manufacturing - Economic Uses | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-general | Production efficiency to promote edible fungi better than woods | Newsletter#18 p.68 |
Uses-general | Pulp for paper - West Indies | WB#273 p64 |
Uses-general | Pulp suitable for strawboards, also writing/printing paper | WB#273 p64 |
Uses-general | Rope and mulen | Newsletter#15 p10 |
Uses-general | Ropes from stems - India | WB#273 p64 |
Uses-general | Stems and leaves used in cultivation of edible fungi - China | Newsletter#18 p.44 |
Uses-handicrafts | Baskets - Nepal | WB#273 p57 |
Uses-handicrafts | Brooms from flowers | WB#273 p57 |
Uses-handicrafts | Clothes hangers covered in roots and bound in ribbons | BOSTID p25 |
Uses-handicrafts | Combs from roots | WB#273 p57 |
Uses-handicrafts | Dried roots protect clothes from moths - Caribbean | BOSTID p24 |
Uses-handicrafts | Fans-large | Newsletter#16 p34 |
Uses-handicrafts | Firelighters - Malawi | WB#273 p209 |
Uses-handicrafts | Hairbrushes to scent hair | Newsletter#16 p35 |
Uses-handicrafts | Handicrafts - Economic Uses | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-handicrafts | Hats - West Indies | WB#273 p64 |
Uses-handicrafts | Herb craft and herb fairs | Newsletter#16 p35 |
Uses-handicrafts | Lampshades Barbados | BOSTID p26 |
Uses-handicrafts | Mats & handicrafts - St. Lucia | BOSTID p24 |
Uses-handicrafts | Mats etc-Nigeria - See Photo | Newsletter#15 p10 |
Uses-handicrafts | Moth control in closets; effective for two years | Newsletter#16 p35 |
Uses-handicrafts | Perfumed mats - Brazil | BOSTID p27 |
Uses-handicrafts | Perfumery - St. Vincent | WB#273 p57 |
Uses-handicrafts | Toothpicks | Newsletter#16 p34 |
Uses-livestock | Ensiled (30 day cutting interval); + urea, molasses, ground cassava chips | Newsletter#15 p16 |
Uses-livestock | Leaves good fish food - China | WB#273 p124 |
Uses-livestock | Livestock bedding stays dry but good soakage | WB#273 p241 |
Uses-livestock | Livestock fodder - Economic Uses | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-livestock | Shade for lambs; heat 20% liveweight loss; increased productivity 15% | Newsletter#13 p7 |
Uses-livestock | Silage-good palatability, pH, %DM, lactic & butyric acid, nutritional value | Newsletter#15 p16 |
Uses-medical | Aphrodisiac - Herbal Medicines | Media |
Uses-medical | Control of dermatits & fungus with root extract | Newsletter#16 p16 |
Uses-medical | Controls hemorrhoids, fever, rheumatism and neuralgia | Newsletter#16 p16 |
Uses-medical | Controls high blood pressure - Philippine medicine man | Newsletter#16 p3 |
Uses-medical | Herbal medications; stomach gas, stomach treatment | WB#273 p198 |
Uses-medical | Induces sweating & stimulant - Honduras | Newsletter#16 p35 |
Uses-medical | Infusion from roots for stomachs, nerves, insomnia & hangovers | Newsletter#13 p8 |
Uses-medical | Tea as tranquilizer, sleep inducer, headache remedy, hangovers | Newsletter#13 p12 |
Uses-medical | Tea ex root; hangover cure, calming nerves in people/horses | WB#273 p168 |
Uses-medical | Used as enema; treatment for gonorrhea | WB#273 p35 |
Uses-mulch | Coffee mulch - long lasting - Ethiopia | Newsletter#13 p14 |
Uses-mulch | Mulch for tree crops | WB#273 p241 |
Uses-mulch | Substrate for mushroom culture | Newsletter#15 p16 |
Uses-oil | Scented oil for centuries | BOSTID p11 |
Uses-onfarm | Compost making with vetiver - Research Program - Thailand | Newsletter#15 p17 |
Uses-onfarm | Composting - St. Vincent | WB#273 p57 |
Uses-onfarm | Crop yield enhancement - Economic Uses | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-onfarm | Decoration & windbreak for coffee plants - Ethiopia | Newsletter#13 p4 |
Uses-onfarm | Erosion proof farm border, better than lemon grass - Costa Rica | BOSTID p27 |
Uses-onfarm | Firebreaks | WB#273 p241 |
Uses-onfarm | Sheds & shelters | WB#273 p241 |
Uses-onfarm | Under passion fruit (60% shade); conservation on steep slopes | WB#273 p254 |
Uses-onfarm | Windbreaks - protects fruit trees for example | WB#273 p241 |
Uses-onfarm | Windbreaks - USA | WB#273 p57 |
Uses-onfarm | Windbreaks in desertifying areas | BOSTID p87 |
Uses-onfarm. | Boundary marker - Nigeria | WB#273 p57 |
Uses-onfarm. | Boundary marker - St. Vincent | WB#273 p57 |
Uses-pests/disease | Natural herbicides & pesticides - Economic Uses | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-pests/disease | Nematode control in coffee; 250 grams roots boiled in 1 gallon water | Newsletter#16 p26 |
Uses-soils | Mine dump stabilization and rehabiltation - Construction & Engineering | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-soils | Municipal and industrial waste dump stabilization - Pollution Control | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-soils | Rehabilitation of mining and contaminated lands - Queensland, Australia | Newsletter#14 p16 |
Uses-soils | Wasteland rehabilitation - Natural Resources | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-waste control | Excess soils chemical - Inhibitor to movement | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-waste control | High level of tolerance to toxic metals - Pollution Control | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-waste control | Inhibitor to toxic metal movement - Pollution Control | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-waste control | Waste water clean up - Pollution Control | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Uses-water control | Irrigation canal protection | WB#273 p240 |
Uses-water control | Lining river banks, feeding into dams; controlled 4-500l/sec flow | Newsletter#17 p37 |
Uses-water control | River bank stabilization - Natural Resources | Newsletter#15 p1 |
Water management | 6mm rainfall = 20 cm water in ditch | WB#273 p11 |
Water management | Decrease in run-off - See Graph | WB#273 p54 |
Water management | Decreases-average total run-off for items below: 317, 261, 197 mm | WB#273 p52 |
Water management | Decreases: cross slope,contour cultivated,contour bunding: 31%, 23%, 46% | WB#273 p52 |
Water management | Effect of conservation measures on surface run-off - Malaysia - See Table | WB#273 p99 |
Water management | Effect of conservation on surface run-off medium/deep soils - Queensland | WB#273 p99 |
Water management | Run-off 73% less in vetiver plot than bare soil | WB#273 p74 |
Water management | Run-off reduced from 30 to 47% on slopes of >5% | WB#273 p68 |
Water management | Sufficient water for olive trees in 300mm rainfall - Jordan | WB#273 p11 |
Water management | Surface run-off 30-60% less in vetiver areas | WB#273 p52 |
Water management | Vetiver had 26% more soil moisture than control | WB#273 p76 |
Water management | Water stabiliser-rapid growth, strong roots, no turbulence | WB#273 p42 |
Wildlife-birds | 4x more bird species use Stream Management System - plant variety | Newsletter#16 p61 |
Wildlife-birds | Trim to stop "Maya" birds nesting | Newsletter#16 p4 |
Wildlife-fish | Chinese carp eat leaves - Malaysia | BOSTID p44 |
Wildlife-fish | Sediment build up covering gravel beds | WB#273 p9 |
Wildlife-general | Aromatic oil in roots detracts rodents and other pests | WB#273 p222 |
Wildlife-general | Eaten by warthogs | WB#273 p35 |
Wildlife-general | Higher earthworm & insect populations near hedge = bird population increase | Newsletter#17 p41 |
Wildlife-general | Snakes repelled by aromatic smell - China | Newsletter#18 p.15 |
Wildlife-general | Tall, stiff stemmed grasses impede entry by foxes, coyotes, racoons etc. | Newsletter#17 p41 |
Wildlife-rodents | Difficult for rats to penetrate - Panama | Newsletter#15 p38 |
Wildlife-rodents | Mole rats may be deterred by oil laden roots | BOSTID p18 |
Wildlife-rodents | Rat & crab prevention - Canal Stabilization | WB#273 p12 |
Wildlife-rodents | Rats nest in hedges under dry conditions when no root odour | WB#273 p206 |
Wildlife-rodents | Resistance to rats & insects | WB#273 p54 |
Wildlife-rodents | Vetiver does not harbour rats - Madagascar | BOSTID p22 |
Last Updated on 12/13/99
By Richard Grimshaw